Effect of sunlight transformed by luminophore-containing materials on cell functions in vitro and in vivo.

Effect of sunlight transformed by luminophore-containing materials on cell viability and functional state of the retina was assessed using the photodamage model. Exposure to the luminescent component of light improved viability of NIH 3T3 cells and promoted recovery of electric activity in rabbit retina after photodamage.

[The strategy of the "useful sun" improves physical endurance and structural adaptation in the myocardium].

The action of solar light transformed by special screens has been studied on CD-1 male mice. In the active control group, mice were irradiated through screens absorbing the UV-component. In the experimental group, screens transforming the UV-component into the orange-red light were used. In the active control, changes in the swimming activity, as compared to the same parameter before irradiation, were manifested much less than in animals of the experimental group. A morphological analysis showed changes in the structure of all cardiomyocyte organelles studied: the relative area of mitochondria in the experimental mice increased by more than 20% compared to intact animals (p < 0.05). A significant increase in the area of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, by 23.4% (p < 0.05), and in the volume of the myofibrillar apparatus, by 19.4% (p < 0.05), was detected. The results of our experiment show that the irradiation with using an additional orange-red component improves the physical endurance 1.5 times and initiates morphogenetic processes in cardiac muscle cells.

[Photon radiation-induced structural and functional changes in the myocardium of hypertensive SHR rats].

Male rats were irradiated by a Korobkov photon light-emitting diode matrix with a maximum irradiation at 612 nm every day 1 h per day for 13 days. After a course of irradiation, the rhythmoinotropic characteristics of the cardiac muscle significantly improved. Exposure to photon radiation initiated an active rearrangement in myocytes as shown by a morphological analysis. Considerable changes were found in the structure of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR); the area of SR profiles increased more than twofold compared to control. This suggests a proportional increase in the ability of SR to absorb calcium, due to both an increase in its buffer capacity and possibly, an improved functioning of Ca2+ ATPase of the reticulum. Probably, the photon therapy leads to the normalization of calcium homeostasis in myocytes and improvement of the characteristics of the cardiac muscle contraction-relaxation cycle. Furthermore, changes in the proportions of the myocardium capillaries (increased by 75% compared to control; p < 0.001) and the area of mitochondrial profiles of myocytes (increased by 13%; p < 0.05) were observed, which lead to more active metabolic processes and a rise in energy potential in myocardial cells after photon radiation treatment.

[Orange-red light reduces the inhibition by UV-A of the proliferation of rat fibroblasts and influences their attachment in a dose-dependent fashion].

The effects of ultraviolet-A (UV-A, lambdam = 365 nm) and orange-red light (lambdam = 625 nm) on the attachment and proliferation of embryonic skin-muscle rat fibroblasts were investigated. It was found that orange-red light (ORL) produces both the stimulatory and inhibitory actions on the attachment and proliferation of fibroblasts, whereas UV-A radiation caused only the inhibition of the processes. Upon consecutive irradiation in both variants: ORL --> UV and UV --> ORL, the synergistic effect of the inhibitory action in both spectral regions was observed. Conversely, upon simultaneous irradiation with ORL (dose 3.6 J/cm2) and UV-A (dose 1.8 J/cm2), the inhibitory effect of ORL and UV-A weakened. Possible mechanisms of the effects are analyzed.

[Degranulation of skin mast cells caused by high frequency electromagnetic irradiation of low intensity]. / Degranuliatsiia tuchnykh kletok kozhi pod deistviem nizkointensivnogo élektromagnitnogo izlucheniia kraine vysokoi chastoty.

It was shown by light and electron microscopy that local exposure of the projection of the MC-8 lao-gun acupuncture point in rat pad to low-intensity (0.05 mW/cm2) extremely high-frequency (42.0 GHz) electromagnetic radiation caused a degranulation of derma mast cells. It was suggested that the response of skin mast cells is an important amplifying mechanism in the chain of events leading to a systemic response of the organism to low-intensity electromagnetic radiation.

[The simulation of the cooperative effect of development in a culture of early mouse embryos after irradiation with electromagnetic waves in the millimeter range]. / Imitatsiia kooperativnogo éffekta razvitiia v kul'ture rannikh zarodyshei myshi posle oblucheniia élektromagnitnymi volnami millimetrovogo diapazona.

We have found that two-cell mouse embryos cultured in vitro can be stimulated by electromagnetic irradiation in the millimeter range. After 30 min of exposure, they acquire the ability to develop in culture on their own and can reach the stage of blastocyst in a relatively large volume of Whitten cultural medium (150 microliters) without serum or growth factors. It is proposed that millimeter range electromagnetic waves activate metabolic processes and specifically the synthesis of factors controlling early embryonic development in culture.

[Effect of millimeter waves on the early development of the mouse and sea urchin embryo]. / Deistvie millimetrovykh voln na rannee razvitie zarodyshei myshei i morskikh ezhei.

The action of nonthermal electromagnetic radiation (EMR) of the millimeter range on the early development of murine and sea urchin embryos was investigated. An MRTA-01E-03 generator with a frequency of 54-78 GHz and radiation intensity of 0.06 mWt/cm2 was used. The embryos were irradiated during 30 min at the stage of two blastomeres. The number of murine embryos that reached the blastocyst stage increased (up to 97.3% in comparison with 87.5% in control). The total time of cultivation up to the blastocyst stage was also shorter (72 h) than in control (96 h). The irradiation had effect on the development of sea urchin embryos only if embryos with a weakened viability were tested. The results indicate that millimeter electromagnetic radiation has a stimulating effect on the early development of embryos, increasing the resistance of embryos to unfavorable environmental conditions.

[The electrical activity of the hypothalamus in exposure to millimeter-wave radiation at biologically active points]. / Elektricheskaia aktivnost' gipotalamusa pri vozdeistvii millimetrovym izlucheniem na biologicheski aktivnye tochki.

In chronic experiments on awake rabbits, the exposure of the auricular "heart" point (after F. G. Portnov) by nonthermal local millimeter wave irradiation (55-76 GHz range) yielded a significant suppression of hypothalamic electrical activity at 5 and 16 Hz and enhancement at 7-8, 12 and 26 Hz. The exposure of the cranial acupoint (TR-20) (the "hypothalamus" point after R. Voll) gave similar though less prominent results at 7-8 and 12 Hz. Minimal changes in electrogram were observed when the acupoint of "longevity" (E-36) was exposed.

Millimeter-wave effects on electric activity of crayfish stretch receptors.

The effects of super high frequency (SHF) microwaves (34-78 GHz) on rates of spontaneous firing of the slowly adapting, stretch-receptor neurons of crayfish were studied. Initially, irradiation of continuously perfused, fluid-cooled preparations at power densities to 250 mW/cm2 caused a transient decrease in the rate of spontaneous firing (the dynamic response). Subsequently, with extinction of the SHF field, the rate of firing increased, finally stabilizing at pre-exposure levels (stationary phase). Rates of firing also increased when the receptor muscle was stretched, and they were inversely correlated with small, field-induced increases of temperature (approximately 1.5 degrees C). The response to SHF radiation did not depend on frequency if temperature of the medium was constant. No resonant peaks were found when the millimeter range of frequencies was scanned.

[Sharp increase in refractory period induced by oxidation suppression in Fitz Hugh-Nagumo model. New mechanism of antiarrhythmic drug action]. / Rezkii rost refrakternosti pri podavlenii vozbudimosti v modeli Fitz Hugh-Nagumo. Novyi mekhanizm deistviia antiaritmikov.

A change in fast inward and slow outward currents and their time constants was simulated in Fitz Hugh-Nagumo model. A decrease in fast inward current was shown to increase the refractory period. The same result was observed when the slow current was increased or its time constant was decreased. These results were used to explain the antiarrhythmic drug action. The antiarrhythmic effect of drugs blocking fast inward current should be stronger in the depressed myocardial tissue than in the normal one.

[Impulse circulation in an excitable medium. Critical size of the closed circuit]. / Tsirkuliatsiia impul'sa v vozbudimoi srede. Kriticheskii razmer zamknutogo kontura.

Periodical regimes of impulse circulation are studied for the system of two differential equations Exixi-vE-F(E)-g=0, vg=epsilon(phi(E)-g),(epsilon less than 1), which describes stationary propagation of the impulse with the velocity upsilon. Analytical expressions are obtained for the minimal size of the closed circuit (lambdamin) and minimal circulation velocity (upsilonmin). It has been found that when the circuit size was close to lambdamin, the impulse became relaxed; it means that the plateau lenght was close to the front length. It was shown that lambdamin was practically independent of the small parameter epsilon. In case of the approximation of f(E) by the piecewise N-shaped function with an incident region --Kf(E--alpha), and phi(E) by the linear function KgE, the increase of lambdamin takes place with an increase of alpha and Kg parameters, and a decrease of Kf (fig. 4). Such a change in the parameters brings about a decrease (instead of an intuitively expected increase!) of the stationary velocity of normal impulse propagation.

[Relationship between ionic membrane currents and stationary rates of stable and unstable spike propagation]. / Statsionarnye skorosti rasprostraneniia ustoichivogo i neustoichivogo impul'sa. Zavisimost' ot ionnykh tokov membrany.

Pulse propagation in a model of excitable fibre is analyzed. Fibre membrane is described by a nonlinear system of 2 differential equations with small parameter (reduced system of the Hodgkin--Huxley type [1]). Both fast and slow ionic currents of excitable membrane are incorporated into the model. Explicit expressions for fast (stable pulse) and low (unstable pulse) velocities are obtained by using perturbation method. The growth of fast ionic current was shown to result in increase in fast and decrease of slow velocities while the growth of slow ionic current results in increase in slow velocity, fast velocity being almost constant.