[Wavefront characteristics in amblyopia of different etiologies in children]. / Osobennosti volnovogo fronta pri ambliopii razlichnogo geneza u detei.

Purpose. The study investigates corneal and higher-order internal aberrations in patients with amblyopia of different etiologies and their relationship with visual acuity, refraction, axial length, and fixation parameters. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-five patients (90 eyes) were examined. All patients were divided into five groups: 1 - with dysbinocular amblyopia; 2 - with refractive amblyopia; 3 - with anisometropic amblyopia; 4 - with relative amblyopia due to congenital myopia; 5 (control) - fellow eyes without amblyopia. Aberrometry was performed using the OPD-Scan III device (Nidek, Japan). Fixation parameters were studied on the MP-3 microperimeter (Nidek, Japan). Correlation analysis was performed using Pearson's linear correlation coefficient (r). RESULTS: In amblyopia associated with congenital myopia, a significant increase in corneal and internal aberrations RMS, Total HOA, astigmatism (V) (0.65±0.26; 1.01±0.31; 4.22±1.17; -2.17±0.72; 0.86±0.3, respectively; control group - 0.44±0.19; 0.58±0.27; 1.0±0.75; -0.94±0.89; 0.47±0.65) and internal spherical aberration (0.06±0.02; control group - 0.04±0.03) was found. In dysbinocular amblyopia, a significant increase in internal aberrations Trefoil (V) and Coma (H) (0.75±0.52 and 0.17±0.35, respectively; control group - 0.05±0.28 and -0.07±0.21) was found, which correlated with a decrease in fixation density in the 2° ring (r= -0.40, r= -0.41). CONCLUSIONS: The increased level of higher-order aberrations in amblyopia associated with congenital myopia is due to the anatomical and optical features of the eyes. The increase in internal aberrations Trefoil (V) and Coma (H) in dysbinocular amblyopia is associated with a mismatch of the optical elements of the eye due to impaired fixation, i.e., it is not the cause, but the consequence of amblyopia.

[Correlation of chorioretinal parameters with anatomical, optical and functional indicators of eyes with amblyopia of various origins]. / Korrelyatsiya khorioretinal'nykh parametrov s anatomo-opticheskimi i funktsional'nymi pokazatelyami pri ambliopii razlichnogo geneza.

Purpose. To measure thickness of the central retina and choroid, retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell complex in the macular region, retinal nerve fiber layer in the peripapillary region in eyes with various types of amblyopia, and to analyze its relationship with best corrected visual acuity, refraction and axial eye length. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 50 patients aged 5 to 16 years (mean age 10.04±3.01 years). All patients were divided into 6 groups: 1 - relative amblyopia with congenital myopia (23 eyes); 2 - dysbinocular amblyopia (14 eyes); 3 - refractive amblyopia (16 eyes); 4 - anisometropic amblyopia (7 eyes); 5 - paired eyes of patients with amblyopia (20 eyes); 6 - control group (20 eyes). Chorioretinal parameters were determined using the RS-3000 Advance 2 spectral optical coherence tomography system («Nidek¼, Japan). Correlation analysis was performed using the Pearson's linear correlation coefficient (r). The level of significance of the differences was determined by the standard Student's t-test. RESULTS: Morphological changes in the sensory and choroid membranes of the eye were revealed in groups with amblyopia of various origins compared to the control group, as well as in the fellow eyes. Intergroup comparison showed the presence of more significant disorders in refractive and relative amblyopia due to congenital myopia. Correlation analysis showed that structural changes in the posterior pole are more related to the anatomical and optical parameters of the eyes. CONCLUSION: Optical coherence tomography allows detection of microscopic structural anomalies in the posterior pole of the eye in amblyopia of various origins, assists in differential diagnosis of this condition with organic pathology, and - most importantly - helps peer deeper into the pathogenesis of this disease.

[Correlations between visual fixation parameters, photosensitivity of the retina and visual acuity in various types of amblyopia]. / Vzaimosvyaz' parametrov zritel'noi fiksatsii, svetochuvstvitel'nosti setchatki i ostroty zreniya pri razlichnykh vidakh ambliopii.

PURPOSE: To study the parameters of visual fixation, photosensitivity in the macular region of the retina, and their correlation with the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) for various types of amblyopia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 50 patients with an average age of 11.02±4.2 years. All patients were divided into 3 groups depending on amblyopia type; group 4 consisted of the paired eyes of patients with amblyopia; group 5 was the control group. Retinal photosensitivity and fixation parameters were studied on the Nidek MP-3 microperimeter (Japan). Correlation analysis was performed using the linear Pearson correlation coefficient (r). RESULTS: Retinal photosensitivity was the lowest in the groups with relative amblyopia with nystagmus (25.7±3.6 dB; group 3) and congenital myopia (26.1±2.9 dB; group 2), which is consistent with the partially organic nature of relative amblyopia. In the group with strabismic and refractive amblyopia (group 1), photosensitivity did not significantly differ from the control group (p>0.05). Fixation density was the lowest in the first (85.1±0.2% and 92.8±0.16% at 2° and 4°, respectively) and the third (62.6±0.16% and 89.3±0.05% in 2° and 4°, respectively) groups. In the first group, a strong correlation (r=0.77) of the fixation density and BCVA was revealed; no such correlation was observed in groups 2 and 3. No correlation of photosensitivity and BCVA was detected in group 1 (r=0.2). Fixation density in the group of paired eyes was significantly lower than in the control group (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Microperimetry is an innovative tool for differential diagnosis, monitoring, method selection and evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment of various types of amblyopia.