[Non-medicamentous methods for the treatment of metabolic syndrome].

Non-medicamenous methods for the treatment of metabolic syndrome (MS) are discussed. Diagnosis of MS is a priority problem of modern medicine and healthcare because of its important role in pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, essential hypertension, and atherosclerosis complicated by coronary heart disease, i.e. major causes of mortality worldwide. Non-medicamentous treatment permits to diminish the total amount of pharmaceuticals prescribed to the patients and to improve the overall result of drug therapy. These methods include remedial gymnastics, physiotherapy, reflexotherapy, balneological treatment, and psychotherapy. Different modalities of non-medicamentous therapy are considered with special reference to the methods for lowering body weight as an earliest and most dangerous manifestation of MS. Indications and contraindications to the use of concrete therapeutic modalities are described.

Effect of metformin therapy on plasma adiponectin and leptin levels in obese and insulin resistant postmenopausal females with type 2 diabetes.

To investigate the relative role of the adiponectin and leptin in the insulin resistance (IR) and obesity we studied plasma levels of these adipocytokines in obese and insulin resistant postmenopausal (PM) females with type 2 diabetes (DM2) during 6 months of Metformin therapy. We recruited 26 PM women, between the ages of 50 and 67 (59,7+/-8,1 years). These women had a BMI of 36,6+/-1,8 kg/m2. After baseline measurements Metformin therapy has been initiated (1700+/-2550 mg per day). Duration of therapy was 6 months. The results of investigations of adipocytokines after Metformin 6 months therapy shown that circulating adiponectin levels were significantly increased (19,1+/-6,0 vs. 16,1+/-3,9 ng/ml, p=0,008) together with significant reduction of BMI (35,9+/-1,9 vs. 36,6+/-1,8 kg/m2, p=0,005) and IR (3,05+/-0,89 vs. 3,96+/-0,70, p<0,001). The magnitude of the change in adiponectin levels positively correlated with the magnitude of BMI reduction (r=0,4784, p=0,013) and IR reduction (r=0,5779, p=0,002). Any significant correlation did not observed between changes of leptin levels and BMI, leptin levels and IR. In summary, our data suggest that hypoadiponectinemia in PM may be explained by only IR because the amelioration of whole-body insulin action by 6-month Metformin therapy leads to increase of plasma adiponectin levels; leptin levels did not significantly change after 6-month Metformin therapy.

[Peculiarities of metabolic characteristics in females of reproductive age with hyperplastic processes of cervix and mammary glands].

The aim of our investigation was the evaluation of character of metabolic disorders in patients with hyperplastic processes of uterine corpus, cervix and mammary glands. 88 patients of reproductive age with several gynaecological complaints have been investigated. 72 patients with hyperplastic processes of endometrium and endocervix (hyperplasia, polyposis), myoma of uterus, fibroadenoms and adenomatosis of mammary glands were selected in main group. Control group consisted of 16 patients without any hyperplastic processes of genital organs. Metabolic syndrome in main group was revealed in 28% of cases, in control--18.8% (chi(2)=3.95, p=0.047); insulin resistance--30.5% and 18.7% (chi(2)=4.01, p=0.046), respectively. In main group in comparison with control group took place the tendency of the increase triglyceride plasma level and the decrease of levels of HDL-cholesterol. b-cell function was significantly increased in patients with hyperplastic processes of uterine corpus and cervix, in subgroup of uterine myoma revealed the tendency. Insulin resistance revealed in patients with hyperplasia of endocervix and pathologies of mammary glands. Our results suggest that metabolic syndrome and its components significantly influences on the formation of hyperplastic processes of uterine corpus, cervix and mammary glands.

[The influence of antisecretory agents on the antral gastric mucosa in patients with duodenal ulcer].

Changes in the antral gastric mucosa of patients with doudenal ulcer after a long-term administration of antisecretory agents were studied. The subjects were five patients with a different duration of the disease. The methods applied included light and electron microscopy of tissue samplings taken from the antral part of the stomach during the periods of exacerbation and remission. In addition to well-known morphological changes, cellular principalis not typical of antral gastric mucosa were found in one patient during exacerbation and remission periods.

[Blood adiponectin and leptin levels in menopausal metabolic syndrome].

The aim of our investigation was the study of blood adiponectin and leptin levels in patients with menopausal metabolic syndrome (MMS) and their correlation with the parameters of MMS features. 40 females with menopause have been investigated. In 38 cases diabetes mellitus type 2 has been registered, and in 2 - impaired glucose tolerance. Mean duration of postmenopausal period was 11,1+/-7,4. Control group consisted of 10 females of postmenopausal age. The blood content of adiponectin and leptin was measured by ELISA. For MMS diagnostics WHO classification (2002) was applied. In basic group MMS was revealed in 37 patients, in control group - in 3 cases (chi(2)=19,53, p<0,001). It was not observed significant difference in blood adiponectin levels of basic and control groups (16,4+/-7,6 vs. 16,3+/-6,1, p=NS), but blood leptin level was significantly higher in study group in comparison with controls (166,7+105,3 vs. 60,3+/-51,0, p<0,001). Significant correlations of blood adiponectin and leptin levels with the parameters of MMS features were observed. Obtained results show that blood adiponectin level in MMS does not differ from the values in control group, although blood leptin level is significantly higher than the one among controls. They significantly correlated with the parameters of MMS features.

[Free radical processes and their role in pathogenesis of some gastrointestinal diseases (part 1)]. / Svobodnoradikal'nye protsessy i ikh rol' v patogeneze nekotorykh zabolevanii organov pishchevareniia (chast' 1).

The authors studied enzymatic and non-enzymatic modes of active oxygen forms formation, mechanisms of their damage to live cells, in particular, initiation of free radical lipid peroxidation; investigated anti- and prooxidant systems of body defense responsible for balance between appearance, metabolism and utilization of active oxygen forms. Impairment of this balance converts physiological processes into pathological ones. Peculiarities of free radical processes and their role in pathogenesis of some gastrointestinal diseases are described.