[Effect of the target type on the characteristics of gunshot injuries resulting from bullet and shrapnel ricochet]. / Vliyanie vida misheni na kharakteristiku ognestrel'nykh povrezhdenii, obrazuyushchikhsya v rezul'tate rikosheta puli i kartechi.

The study objective is to establish the effect of the type of experimental target (biological, non-biological) on the forensic medical characteristics of gunshot injuries resulting from bullet and shrapnel ricochet when fired from a smooth-bore weapon. Differences in the skin and clothing or their imitators render different morphological patterns of the input gunshot injuries. Based on the results of the ballistic experiment, a list of statistically significant differences in the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the input gunshot injuries to biological and non-biological targets as a result of a ricochet when a bullet is fired from a smooth-bore weapon was compiled. In addition, the characteristics of the input gunshot injuries were established, demonstrating statistically significant differences only in certain combinations of the specified types of bullet and experimental target. The results obtained can be used in medical forensic examinations of gunshot injuries.

[Current view on stab/cut injuries]. / Sovremennoe sostoyanie voprosa koloto-rezanykh povrezhdenii.

Currently, mechanical trauma is the most significant cause of violent death. The injuries caused by sharp objects rank high in the structure of mechanical trauma. The study objective is to review domestic and foreign literature on the study of stab/cut injuries, identify the main issues and consider new promising diagnostic methods. The stab/cut wound morphology is widely described in the available literature, but little attention has been paid to their study of late postmortem changes. This issue requires consideration since putrefactive corpses (hidden by placing the corpse in water, burying it in the ground, etc.) are often the object of forensic medical examination. New methods for assessing stab/cut injuries are also considered: computed tomography, multilayer computed tomography, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. Each of the diagnostic methods has its undeniable advantages and prospects for widespread use in expert practice, but they cannot completely replace the main methods and are intended only to supplement them.

[The phenomenon of the formation of a ricocheted buckshot of a negative angle of reflection]. / Fenomen obrazovaniya rikoshetirovavshei kartech'yu otritsatel'nogo ugla otrazheniya.

The purpose of the study is to establish the possibility, determine the conditions and parameters for the formation of a negative angle of reflection of a firearm after a ricochet from the surface of an obstacle based on the results of our own experimental studies. Expert and law enforcement practice shows that after a shot, firearms, both before interaction with an obstacle and after a ricochet, move in space in the same plane with respect to the surface of the obstacle, forming a reflection angle with a positive or zero degree value. As a result of ballistic experiments, the possibility of forming a negative angle of reflection by ricocheted buckshot was established, the conditions and parameters for the occurrence of this pattern were determined. The identified ballistic «Gusentsov phenomenon¼ has an important interdisciplinary scientific and practical significance for further expanding knowledge and understanding of external and internal ballistics and can be successfully used in scientific, practical, forensic and educational activities.