The effects of 100 nm pure boron nanoparticles on the primary antioxidant system of Nile tilapia (Oreochromisniloticus).

In this study, the effects of 100 nm boron nanoparticles (B-NPs) on the primary antioxidant status of Nile tilapia were researched via analysis of enzyme activities and related gene expressions. This is a new study which focuses on the relationship between B-NPs and oxidative stress that contribute to the literature in terms of its scope. Fish (n = 15) for each group were exposed to three different concentrations as 5, 25 (n2) and 125 (n3) mg/L during 96 h to see the response of the primary antioxidant system. According to the results, SOD expressions differed in all treatment groups compared to the control group (P < 0.05). CAT expressions were different in 5 and 125 mg/L groups compared to control and 25 mg/L groups (P < 0.05). GPX expressions were only different in 125 mg/L group (P < 0.05). The changes in enzyme activities of SOD and CAT were significantly different in 25 mg/L groups. GPX enzyme activities were not significant (P > 0.05). TBARS concentrations in 25 mg/L group were significantly different from those in the control and 125 mg/L groups (P < 0.05).

The effects of the neurotoxic agent emamectin benzoate on the expression of immune and stress-related genes and blood serum profiles in the Rainbow trout.

Emamectin, a neurotoxic agent, is a semi-synthetic insecticide that belongs to the Avermectin family and is used against helmintic infections in the Salmonidae family. Its secondary effects are not clear; thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the only effects of emamectin benzoate on various biochemical parameters (AST, ALT, GGT, total protein, albumin and glucose) in serum and expressional changes of IL-1ß, TNF-α, HSP70 and IL-8 in liver and spleen. For the purpose stated above, rainbow trout (n = 15) were administered 50 µg EB per kg fish daily for 7, 14 and 21 days. The results indicated that weight gains did not change (p > 0.05), AST increased at day 21 (p < 0.05), while the changes of other biochemical parameters were not significant (p > 0.05). The changes in expression of IL-1ß, TNF-α and HSP70 were significant (p < 0.05), while the changes of IL-8 expressions were not significant (p ˃ 0.05). In a conclusion, EB changed immun and stress-related gene expression in liver and spleen, and furthermore, AST changed in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The results imply that emamectin benzoate cause stress. This study is helpful to understand the effects of avermectin pharmaceutical family.

Assessment of illicit drugs in wastewater and estimation of drugs of abuse in Adana Province, Turkey.

Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is a rapidly developing discipline that has the potential to monitor real-time data on regional and temporal differences regarding the use of illicit drugs. With WBE, metabolic products discharged for drug consumption are rapidly collected by sewage systems, which provide valuable evidence on the types and quantities of drugs consumed by a given community. In this study, the samples were collected from the wastewaters entering the facilities in Seyhan and Yuregir Waste Water Treatment Plants (WWTPs), in Adana Province. Composite wastewater analysis was performed by using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and the analysis revealed multiple drugs including cocaine and its main metabolite, benzoylecgonine, amphetamine-like stimulants including amphetamine, methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), and 3,4-methylenedioxyethamphetamine (MDEA), opiates including morphine, codeine, heroin metabolite 6-acetylmorphine (6-MAM), the metabolite of cannabis, 11-nor-carboxy-THC (THC-COOH), and the main metabolite of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), 11-hydroxy (THC-OH). Mean drug consumption rates were as follows: cocaine, 0.18; amphetamine, 0.43; methamphetamine, 0.06; MDMA (ecstasy), 1.30; heroin, 1.03; THC (marijuana), 28.60 doses/day/1000 persons (15-64years). The consumption rates for some illicit drugs showed a significant difference between seasons, regions, and weekdays-weekends.

Microplastics in municipal wastewater treatment plants in Turkey: a comparison of the influent and secondary effluent concentrations.

Wastewater treatment plants are one of the primary pathways through which microplastics enter aquatic environments. In this study, we have determined the microplastic concentrations of the influent and secondary effluent water of two wastewater treatment plants in Turkey. For this purpose, we have taken samples of the influent and effluent water of Seyhan and Yüregir wastewater treatment facilities for 6 days in August 2017 and determined their microplastics' content both visually and using µ-Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that the influent of the wastewater treatment contained 1 million-6.5 million particles per day, while the effluent contained 220,000-1.5 million particles per day. The removal rate of microplastics was found to be between 73 and 79%. In total, seven different types of polymers were detected. The most frequently observed polymer type was polyester.