Development of Amorphous SIZO/Ag/Amorphous SIZO Multilayer for High-Performance Transparent Conducting Electrode by Controlling Ag Layer Thickness.

A multilayered transparent conductive film of amorphous SiInZnO/Ag/amorphous SiInZnO (SIZO/Ag/SIZO) was fabricated and characterized. The electrical and optical properties of the multilayers changed with changes in the Ag film thickness. The electrodes with the optimized thickness showed an excellent average transmittance (Tav) of 94.04% and a high figure of merit (FOM) of 38.1×10-3 Ω-1. As the Ag layer thickness increased over 9 nm, the FOM and sheet resistance decreased. This result could be attributed to the decrease in Tav due to light absorption and reflection from the thick Ag layer.

Novel culture technique involving an histone deacetylase inhibitor reduces the marginal islet mass to correct streptozotocin-induced diabetes.

Islet transplantation is limited by the difficulties in isolating the pancreatic islets from the cadaveric donor and maintaining them in culture. To increase islet viability and function after isolation, here we present a novel culture technique involving an histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) to rejuvenate the isolated islets. Pancreatic islets were isolated from Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and one group (FIs; freshly isolated islets) was used after overnight culture and the other group (RIs; rejuvenated islet) was subjected to rejuvenation culture procedure, which is composed of three discrete steps including degranulation, chromatin remodeling, and regranulation. FIs and RIs were compared with regard to intracellular insulin content, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) capacity, gene expression profile, viability and apoptosis rate under oxidative stresses, and the engraftment efficacy in the xenogeneic islet transplantation models. RIs have been shown to have 1.9 ± 0.28- and 1.7 ± 0.31-fold greater intracellular insulin content and GSIS capacity, respectively, than FIs. HDACi increased overall histone acetylation levels, with inducing increased expression of many genes including insulin 1, insulin 2, GLUT2, and Ogg1. This enhanced islet capacity resulted in more resistance against oxidative stresses and increase of the engraftment efficacy shown by reduction of twofold marginal mass of islets in xenogeneic transplantation model. In conclusion, a novel rejuvenating culture technique using HDACi as chromatin remodeling agents improved the function and viability of the freshly isolated islets, contributing to the reduction of islet mass for the control of hyperglycemia in islet transplantation.