Highly Durable and Fully Dispersed Cobalt Diatomic Site Catalysts for CO2 Photoreduction to CH4.

Dual-atom-site catalysts (DACs) have emerged as a new frontier in heterogeneous catalysis because the synergistic effect between adjacent metal atoms can promote their catalytic activity while maintaining the advantages of single-atom-site catalysts, such as almost 100 % atomic efficiency and excellent hydrocarbon selectivity. In this study, cobalt-based atom site catalysts with a Co2 -N coordination structure were synthesized and used for photodriven CO2 reduction. The resulting CoDAC containing 3.5 % Co atoms demonstrated a superior atom ratio for CO2 reduction catalytic performance, with 65.0 % CH4 selectivity, which far exceeds that of cobalt-based single-atom-site catalysts (CoSACs). The intrinsic reason for the superior activity of CoDACs is the excellent adsorption strength of CO2 and CO* intermediates at dimeric Co active sites.

Reconstruction of standard 12-lead electrocardiograms from 12-lead electrocardiograms recorded with the Mason-Likar electrode configuration.

Electrocardiograms (ECGs) made with Mason-Likar electrode configuration (ML-ECGs) show well-known differences from standard 12-lead ECGs (Std-ECGs). We recorded, simultaneously, Std-ECGs and ML-ECGs in 180 subjects. Using these ECGs, 8 x 8 individual and general conversion matrices were created by linear regression, and standard ECGs were reconstructed from ML-ECGs using these matrices. The performance of the matrices was assessed by the root mean square differences between the original Std-ECGs and the reconstructed standard ECGs, by the differences in major ECG parameters, and by comparison of computer-generated diagnostic statements. As a result, we conclude that, based on the root mean square differences, reconstructions with 8 x 8 individual matrices perform significantly better than reconstructions with the group matrix and perform equally well with respect to the calculation of major electrocardiographic parameters, which gives an improved reliability of the QRS frontal axis and the maximal QRS and T amplitudes. Both types of matrices were able to reverse the underdiagnosis of inferior myocardial infarctions and the erroneous statements about the QRS frontal axis that arose in the ECGs that were made by using the Mason-Likar electrode positions.