Exploring societal perspectives on priorities at the end of life in South Korea using Q-methodology.

AIM: To explore societal perspectives on priorities at the end of life in South Korea, an Asian country with high characteristics of Confucian culture. Based on this understanding, this study proposes strategies for establishing well-dying Confucian heritage cultures. METHODS: Q-methodology, suitable for analyzing human subjectivity, was used in this study. Thirty-four Q-statements were extracted from the 170 Q population, which were gathered from literature reviews and online resources. Participants were 33 people expected to present diverse views of priorities at the end of their lives. The data were analyzed with principal component analysis and varimax rotations using the PQMethod software. RESULTS: Four distinct perspectives on priorities at the end of life in South Korea were identified: "Emphasizing the right to self-determination," "Avoiding burdening the family," "Putting life first," and "Connotations with a complex perspective." CONCLUSIONS: This study provides strategies for preparing various nursing interventions or policies for the establishment of a well-dying culture based on the four identified perspectives on priorities at the end of life, especially in countries with Confucian heritage cultures.

Exploring Nursing Students' Perspectives on Telenursing Using Q-methodology.

With the rapid development of information and communications technologies, the medical care paradigm has been transformed, making telenursing a reality. Along with the introduction of telenursing, new changes are anticipated in the following central nursing domains: "human," "environment," "nursing," and "health." Current nursing students living in a hyperconnected world are expected to expand telenursing and foster changes in nursing. Therefore, it is important to understand nursing students' perceptions about telenursing to prepare innovatively for this changing field. This study explored nursing students' subjective perceptions about telenursing in South Korea using Q-methodology. Forty Q-statements, which reflected the nursing metaparadigm, were extracted from 175 generated statements; then, 40 nursing students-recruited purposively through snowball sampling-ranked the set of Q-statements. The data were analyzed using the PQMethod program. Five perceptions concerning telenursing were identified: "concerns and suggestions for telenursing," "complete support for telenursing," "inevitable acceptance of telenursing," "distrust and criticism regarding telenursing," and "optional acceptance of telenursing." This study provides strategies for introducing and implementing telenursing services in countries with commercial 5G coverage and informs policies related to nursing education.

Subjectivity about Turnover Intention among Male Nurses in South Korea: A Q-Methodological Study.

PURPOSE: Around the world, male nurses face a variety of difficulties within clinical settings; accordingly, a large number of male nurses consider changing their occupation. In particular, male nurses in a number of Asian countries with a Confucian heritage experience difficulties. Thus, the purpose of this study was to explore individual differences in turnover intention among male nurses in one such country, South Korea, and on that basis to suggest concrete strategies for reducing turnover among male nurses in Confucian cultures. METHODS: Q methodology, which is used to analyze human subjectivity, was applied. Q statements were derived from 207 candidate statements gathered from various documents and interviews; 40 statements were finalized. A purposive sample of 41 male nurses were selected as likely to have diverse opinions on turnover intention of male nurses. The collected data were analyzed using PQMethod software. RESULTS: Four distinct types of subjectivity about turnover intention among male nurses were identified: (1) "Pursuing occupational values," (2) "Dissatisfaction with treatment," (3) "Seeking a relaxed and stable life," and (4) "Conflict related to organizational culture." CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests various ways of reducing turnover and increasing retention among male nurses based on the four identified perspectives, especially in Confucian-heritage regions.

Societal perceptions of male nurses in South Korea: A Q-methodological study.

AIM: One of the remarkable changes in today's nursing profession is the emergence of male nurses. In order to promote the development of nursing, it would be beneficial for a positive perception of male nurses to be established in society. This study identified the public perceptions of male nurses in South Korea by using Q methodology and offered basic strategies for enhancing the perception of male nurses. METHODS: A Q-methodological approach, suitable for subjective research, was used for a survey. Q statements were based on 600 Q concourses that were collected through a literature review and individual interviews. Thirty-seven final Q statements were selected from those. The P sample was collected from 45 persons who were likely to represent a diverse range of views about male nurses. The collected data were analyzed with PQMethod software; a principal component factor analysis with varimax rotation was used to identify the patterns of the public's perception of male nurses. RESULTS: Four distinct perspectives were identified: progressive occupational; conservative occupational; negative occupational; and supportive occupational. CONCLUSION: This study provided strategies for improving the public's views of male nurses in a conservative country with gender stereotypes. These findings also could attract more male nurses into the profession and increase their retention.