A content analysis of YouTube videos on tinnitus in South Korea.

More people use the internet for medical information, especially YouTube. Nevertheless, no study has been conducted to analyze the quality of YouTube videos about tinnitus in Korea. This study aims to review the contents and quality of YouTube videos on tinnitus. The top 100 Korean YouTube videos on tinnitus were reviewed by a tinnitus expert. This study assessed video details: title, creator, length, and popularity indicators-subscribers, views, and likes. The contents of the video clips were analyzed to determine the relevance, understandability, actionability, and quality of information. Out of 100 tinnitus videos, 27 were created by otolaryngologists, 25 by traditional Korean medicine doctors, 25 by other medical professionals, and 3 by lay persons. Sensorineural tinnitus was frequently dealt, and hearing loss, stress, and noise were introduced as main causes of tinnitus. Otolaryngologists' videos covered verified treatments, but others suggested unproven therapies including herbal medicine or acupressure. Otolaryngologists' videos showed significantly higher understandability and quality of information compared to others (p < 0.001). This study found that tinnitus YouTube videos frequently present low-quality and incorrect material, which could have an adverse effect on patients. Results highlight the need for tinnitus specialists to provide accurate information.

A Case of Human Papillomavirus-Related Multiphenotypic Sinonasal Carcinoma.

Human papillomavirus (HPV)-related multiphenotypic sinonasal carcinoma (HMSC) is a recently described neoplasm entity that presents only in the sinonasal tract. Histologically, it displays features of both a surface-derived carcinoma and a salivary gland carcinoma, and is associated with high-risk HPV, specifically HPV type 33. Whereas majority of the cases display high-grade histologic features, HMSC paradoxically behaves in a relatively indolent fashion. It is important and meaningful to distinguish HMSC from other histopathologic mimickers as the clinical features and management are distinctive. A 64-year-old woman presented having intermittent left-side epistaxis and progressive nasal obstruction. A well-defined, solitary, friable mass with an irregular surface that easily bled upon contact was found in the posterior part of the left nasal cavity. Endoscopic excision of the tumor which was originated from left nasal septum was done and the tumor was confirmed as HMSC. After surgery, definitive radiotherapy was performed in 28 fractions. HMSC is a histopathological type that has been rarely reported so that we report this case with literature review.

The Long-Term Effects of Budesonide Nasal Irrigation in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Asthma.

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) in asthmatic patients has a high recurrence rate even after surgery. For this reason, oral steroids are frequently used, but their long-term use may cause side effects. The purpose of this study is to investigate the long-term effects of budesonide nasal irrigation (BNI) in CRSwNP and asthma. An analysis of 33 patients with CRSwNP and well-controlled asthma, who performed BNI for more than 12 months, was performed. We compared oral steroid and antibiotic dosages as well as nasal endoscopy scores before, and every six months after, BNI. The six-month dosages of oral steroids and antibiotics prescribed were significantly decreased at all time points after BNI compared to before BNI. When the dosages were compared at the time point immediately preceding six months, oral steroid intake decreased significantly until 12 months, and antibiotic intake decreased until 6 months. Furthermore, the endoscopic score decreased significantly until 12 months. The nasal symptom questionnaire score also significantly improved after BNI. Therefore, BNI is considered an effective treatment method that can improve subjective symptoms and objective intranasal findings while reducing oral steroid and antibiotic doses after long-term use in patients with CRSwNP accompanied by asthma.

Characteristics and significance of minimal and maximal extrathyroidal extension in papillary thyroid carcinoma.

OBJECTIVES: Maximal extrathyroidal extension (ETE) is known to be an important prognostic factor in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). However, the significance of minimal ETE is controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognostic significance of minimal vs maximal ETE in PTC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A group of 967 patients who underwent thyroidectomy for PTC in a tertiary hospital between January 2000 and December 2011 were studied retrospectively. Patients were classified into three groups: absence of ETE, and minimal and maximal ETE. The minimal ETE group was further categorized into two subgroups according to invasion of strap muscles or no invasion (STI+ and STI-). RESULTS: Gender did not differ between the three groups of patients. The mean age of the patients with maximal ETE was significantly higher than in those belonging to the other groups. Tumor size, bilaterality, lymph node metastasis and stage increased significantly according to the degree of ETE. Recurrence and survival rates did not differ between the absence and minimal ETE groups, or between the STI- and STI+ subgroups of minimal ETE. However, the maximal ETE group had significantly higher recurrence and lower survival rates than the other groups (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Maximal ETE is a significant factor for poor prognosis. However, minimal ETE is not associated with increased recurrence or decreased survival in patients with PTC.