Effect of digital scans on marginal and internal discrepancies of zirconia crowns.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: A few studies have compared the accuracy of newly introduced intraoral scanners (IOSs); however, limited evidence is available concerning which system provides the best marginal and internal adaptation of zirconia crowns. PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the marginal and internal discrepancies of zirconia crowns fabricated with 4 digital scanners by a silicone replica technique. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A maxillary central incisor was prepared for a ceramic crown and duplicated to form 10 metal abutments. Four groups of zirconia crowns with different scanning methods were produced for each die: 1 laboratory scanner, L (Ceramill Map 400), and 3 different IOSs, CS (CS3600), TR (TRIOS3), and CE (CEREC Omnicam). The marginal and internal discrepancies were measured by a silicone replica technique under a static load of 50 N. The replica specimens were sectioned buccolingually and mesiodistally and then examined by using a stereomicroscope (JTZ-7XT) at ×200 magnification. Fifteen reference points were measured on each specimen. One-way ANOVAs with the Duncan multiple range tests were used for statistical analysis of the data (α=.05). RESULTS: The mean marginal discrepancies of zirconia crowns were 12.7 µm for group L, 12.6 µm for group CS, 14.8 µm for group TR, and 15.8 µm for group CE. No significant differences were found in marginal and incisal discrepancies among 4 groups. However, groups CS and L showed significantly better cervical and axial discrepancies than groups TR and CE. Group TR showed significantly better axial discrepancy than group CE. CONCLUSIONS: Zirconia crowns made by using the CS3600 and the laboratory scanner with a conventional impression showed significantly better internal discrepancies than those made by using TRIOS3 and CEREC Omnicam.

Independent Risk Factors for the Shivering Occurrence During Induction Period in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Survivors Treated with Targeted Temperature Management.

The occurrence of shivering during the induction period of targeted temperature management (TTM) remains a therapeutic obstacle, which delays the achievement of target temperature. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors leading to shivering during the induction period. We analyzed a prospective cohort of adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survivors treated with TTM from January 2015 to June 2017. Patients who developed shivering during the induction period were compared to those who did not. Multivariable analysis was performed to determine risk factors of shivering. Among 80 patients treated with TTM, shivering occurred in 22 patients (27.5%). In the shivering group, the time to achieve target temperature was significantly delayed (245 minutes vs. 151 minutes, p = 0.005). Multivariable analysis showed that being underweight (OR, 18.40; 95% CI, 1.89-179.19) or overweight (OR, 8.65; 95% CI, 1.60-46.80), age <65 years (OR, 5.54; 95% CI, 1.25-16.12), and duration of cardiac arrest <20 minutes (OR, 4.50; 95% CI, 1.25-16.12) were predictors for the occurrence of shivering. OHCA patients with abnormal body weight, age <65 years, and duration of cardiac arrest <20 minutes should be monitored thoroughly for early recognition of shivering.

Plasma cell granuloma in cyclosporine-induced gingival overgrowth: a report of two cases with immunohistochemical positivity of interleukin-6 and phospholipase C-gamma1.

We report two cases of gingival plasma cell granuloma in a 34-yr-old and 40-yr-old two male renal transplant recipients with cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced gingival overgrowth (GO). Histologically, these lesions were composed of mature plasma cells, showing polyclonality for both lambda and kappa light chains and fibrovascular connective tissue stroma. In addition to the fact that CsA-induced plasma cell granuloma is rare, the salient features of our cases were the secretion of interleukin-6 and overexpression of phospholipase C- gamma 1 of the tumor cells, which may explain the mechanisms of CsA- induced GO.

Enhanced expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase and phospholipase C-gamma1 in regenerating murine neuronal cells by pulsed electromagnetic field.

Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) has been shown to improve the rate of peripheral nerve regeneration. In the present study we investigated the expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and phospholipase C-gamma1 (PLC-gamma1) in regenerating rat laryngeal nerves during the exposure to PEMF after surgical transection and reanastomosis. Axons were found to regenerate into the distal stump nearly twice faster in PEMF-exposed animals than in the control. Consistently, motor function was better recovered in PEMF-treated rats. The expression of nNOS and PLC-gamma1 was highly enhanced in the regenerated nerves.