The characteristics and phylogenetic relationship of two complete mitochondrial genomes of Cottus pollux (scorpaeniformes: cottidae).

We report two complete mitochondrial genomes of Cottus pollux based on specimens collected from Deokdong and Hoam Streams in the Republic of Korea. The two complete mitochondrial genomes were 16,558 and 16,557 bp long. Both contain the 37 standard genes (13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and one control region) in the same order and have similar nucleotide compositions. According to the phylogenetic tree constructed using the maximum-likelihood method, C. pollux is closely related to C. reinii. The genetic information provided by the complete mitochondrial genome of C. pollux will contribute to an understanding of the phylogenetic position, evolutionary relationships, and biogeographical patterns of this species within the genus Cottus.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Acanthogobius lactipes and its phylogenetic analysis.

Acanthogobius lactipes is a demersal, euryhaline fish belonging to the suborder Gobiodei. This study sequenced and described the complete mitochondrial genome of A. lactipes for the first time. The circular genome of A. lactipes is 16,592 bp in length and contains 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and a control region. The overall A, C, G, and T contents were 27.78, 27.31, 17.52, and 27.39%, respectively. Based on the 13 protein-coding genes, the phylogenetic tree showed that A. lactipes formed a well-supported cluster with the genus Acanthogobius and rooted with other family Oxudercidae species.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Buccinum bayani (Gastropoda: Buccininae) in Korea.

This study is the first to report the complete 15,262 base pair mitochondrial genome of Buccinum bayani, consisting of 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and a control region (D-loop). The overall base composition of the complete genome is A (29.87%), T (39.11%), G (15.86%), and C (15.16%), with a high AT content of 68.98%. Phylogenetic analysis showed that B. bayani was most closely related to B. undatum. The mitogenome of B. bayani will provide helpful information to further our phylogenetic and evolutionary understanding of the family Buccininae.

The complete mitochondrial genome of the endangered freshwater fish Odontobutis obscurus from Korea.

We report the first complete mitochondrial genome of Odontobutis obscurus, which consists of 17,038 bp harboring 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and a control region (D-loop). The overall base composition of the complete genome is A (30.63%), C (28.72%), T (25.70%), G (14.95%). The complete mitogenome of Odontobutis obscurus, most closely related to congeners in the Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood tree, provides a better understanding of the phylogeny of the genus Odontobutis.

The complete mitochondrial genome of the freshwater fish Opsariichthys uncirostris amurensis from Korea.

We present the first report of the complete mitochondrial genome of Opsariichthys uncirostris amurensis, which consists of 16,613 base pairs harboring 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and a control region (D-loop). The overall base composition of the complete genome is A (27.15%), C (27.15%), T (26.77%), G (18.92%). The complete mitogenome of O. uncirostris amurensis, which was most closely related to O. bidens in the Bayesian inference tree, provides a better understanding of the phylogeny of the genus Opsariichthys.

Complete mitochondrial genome for the whitemouth croaker Micropogonias furnieri (Perciformes: Sciaenidae).

This study is the first to research to report the complete 16,496 bp mitochondrial genome of Micropogonias furnieri, which consists of 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and a control region (D-loop). The overall base composition of the complete genome is 27.26% A, 25.65% T, 16.46% G, and 30.63% C, with a high A + T content of 52.91%. Phylogenetic analysis showed that M. furnieri was most closely related to Sciaenops ocellatus. In this study, the mitogenome of M. furnieri will provide useful information for phylogenetic and evolutionary understanding in the family Sciaenidae.

The complete mitochondrial genome of the endangered freshwater fish Kichulchoia brevifasciata in Korea.

Kichulchoia brevifasciata is an endangered fish that is distributed across the Goheung Peninsula, South Korea. This is the first report of the complete mitochondrial genome of K. brevifasciata, which consists of 16,646 bp with 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and a control region (D-loop). The overall base composition of the complete genome is A (29.57%), T (28.08%), G (16.54%), and C (25.80%), with a high A + T content of 57.65%. Phylogenetic analysis showed that K. brevifasciata was most closely related to K. multifasciatas.

Complete mitochondrial genome of the Korean endemic species Coreoleuciscus aeruginos holotype from Korea (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae).

This study is the first to research report the complete 16,563 bp mitochondrial genome of Coreoleuciscus aeruginos, which consists of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and a control region (D-loop). The overall base composition of the complete genome is 31.0% A, 28.04% T, 16.27% G, and 24.69% C, with a high A + T content of 59.04%. According to our phylogenetic analysis, C. aeruginos is most closely related to Coreoleuciscus splendidus.

Complete mitochondrial genome of the hybrid grouper Hyporthodus septemfasciatus (♀)×Epinephelus moara (♂) (Perciformes, Serranidae) and results of a phylogenetic analysis.

The complete mitochondrial genome of the hybrid grouper Hyporthodus septemfasciatus (♀)×Epinephelus moara (♂) was obtained by next-generation sequencing. The mitochondrial genome was 16,499 bp long, consisting of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and a control region (D-loop). The overall base composition is 28.62% A, 28.27% C, 16.27% G, and 26.84% T with 55.46% A + T. In the maximum-likelihood (ML) phylogenetic analysis, the hybrid grouper belonged to the same clade as H. septemfasciatus (maternal inheritance).

Complete mitochondrial genome of Halocynthia hilgendorfi ritteri (Pyuridae) from Korea.

Halocynthia hilgendorfi ritteri is an ascidian distributed on the coast of Geoje Island in Korea and found on rocks. The mitochondrial genome of Halocynthia hilgendorfi ritteri consists of 15,181 bp with 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNAs, 23 transfer RNA genes. The overall base composition of the complete genome is 22.94% A, 43.32% T, 25.72% G, and 8.02% C, with a high A + T content of 66.26%.

Complete mitochondrial genome of the hybrid grouper Hyporthodus septemfasciatus (♀) × Epinephelus lanceolatus (♂).

The complete mitochondrial genome of the novel hybrid grouper (Hyporthodus septemfasciatus ♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂) includes 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNAs, 22 transfer RNA genes, and 1 control region (D-loop) for a total length of 16,559 bp. The overall nucleotide composition encoded on the heavy strand comprises 28.64% A, 28.26% C, 16.26% G, and 26.84% T.

The complete mitochondrial genome of the hybrid grouper Epinephelus fuscoguttatus (♀) × E. polyphekadion (♂).

This study determined the complete mitochondrial genome of the hybrid grouper Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × E. polyphekadion ♂. The complete mitochondrial genome is 16,648 bp and includes 13 protein-coding, 2 ribosomal RNA, 22 transfer RNA genes, and a control region (D-loop). The nucleotide composition of the L-strand was A 29.12%, C 28.33%, G 15.65%, and T 26.90%. All except the NADH dehydrogenase subunit (ND6) and eight tRNA genes are encoded on the H-strand.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Chionoecetes japonicus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Majoidea).

The complete mitochondrial genome of Chionoecetes japonicus was sequenced using a specimen collected offshore in the East Sea. The genome includes 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, two ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, and a control region (D-loop), with a total length of 16,060 bp. The overall nucleotide composition was 34.91% A, 17.29% C, 10.93% G, and 36.87% T, with 71.78% A + T. In the phylogenetic tree was constructed using maximum-likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses, C. japonicus and C. japonicus pacificus formed a genetic clade that was sister to C. opilio.

A Meta-Analysis of Renal Function After Adult Cardiac Surgery With Pulsatile Perfusion.

The aim of this meta-analysis was to determine whether pulsatile perfusion during cardiac surgery has a lesser effect on renal dysfunction than nonpulsatile perfusion after cardiac surgery in randomized controlled trials. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were used to identify available articles published before April 25, 2014. Meta-analysis was conducted to determine the effects of pulsatile perfusion on postoperative renal functions, as determined by creatinine clearance (CrCl), serum creatinine (Cr), urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and the incidences of acute renal insufficiency (ARI) and acute renal failure (ARF). Nine studies involving 674 patients that received pulsatile perfusion and 698 patients that received nonpulsatile perfusion during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were considered in the meta-analysis. Stratified analysis was performed according to effective pulsatility or unclear pulsatility of the pulsatile perfusion method in the presence of heterogeneity. NGAL levels were not significantly different between the pulsatile and nonpulsatile groups. However, patients in the pulsatile group had a significantly higher CrCl and lower Cr levels when the analysis was restricted to studies on effective pulsatile flow (P < 0.00001, respectively). The incidence of ARI was significantly lower in the pulsatile group (P < 0.00001), but incidences of ARF were similar. In conclusion, the meta-analysis suggests that the use of pulsatile flow during CPB results in better postoperative renal function.

Substrate specificity of Stenotrophomonas nitritireducens in the hydroxylation of unsaturated fatty acid.

An isolated bacterium that converted unsaturated fatty acids to hydroxy fatty acids was identified as Stenotrophomonas nitritireducens by API analysis, cellular fatty acids compositions, sequencing the full 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid, and evaluating its nitrite reduction ability. S. nitritireducens has unique regio-specificity for C16 and C18 cis-9 unsaturated fatty acids. These fatty acids are converted to their 10-hydroxy fatty acids without detectable byproducts. Among the cis-9-unsaturated fatty acids, S. nitritireducens showed the highest specificity for linoleic acid. The cells converted 20 mM linoleic acid to 13.5 mM 10-hydroxy-12(Z)-octadecenoic acid at 30 degrees C and pH 7.5 with a yield of 67.5% (mol/mol).