Sharing and seeking information about skin cancer risk and prevention among Hispanic people from Florida and Puerto Rico.

Objective: To explore factors associated with communication and information-seeking after receipt of skin cancer prevention information among Hispanic individuals. Methods: Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze existing data on demographics, personal experience, salience, and beliefs variables collected from Hispanic individuals to determine independent associations with sharing and seeking information about skin cancer prevention. Results: Of 578 participants, 53% reported any communication about skin cancer prevention behaviors or skin cancer genetic risk; and 31% and 21% sought additional information about preventive behaviors or genetic risk, respectively. Female sex, greater perceived severity, higher comparative chance of getting skin cancer, and lower health literacy were associated with greater communication, while having no idea of one's own skin cancer risk was related to less communication. Greater health numeracy and higher cancer worry were associated with information-seeking about prevention behaviors and genetic risk. Conclusion: Up to half of participants reported communication or information-seeking, although factors associated with specific activities differed. Future studies should evaluate how to promote communication behaviors in the Hispanic community and how sharing and seeking information influence an individual's network prevention practices. Innovation: Several factors related to communication behaviors among Hispanic people after obtaining skin cancer prevention information were identified.Trial registration: This trial was registered on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03509467).

Skin cancer prevention behaviors, beliefs, distress, and worry among hispanics in Florida and Puerto Rico.

BACKGROUND: Incidence of skin cancer has been increasing among U.S. Hispanics, who often are diagnosed with larger lesions and at later stage disease. Behaviors to decrease exposure to ultraviolet radiation can reduce risk of skin cancer. We describe skin cancer prevention behaviors and psychosocial variables among Hispanic participants recruited into a skin cancer prevention trial. METHODS: Self-reported Hispanic participants from eight primary care clinics in Tampa, Florida and Ponce, Puerto Rico were recruited into a randomized controlled prevention trial. Information on demographics, sun-related behaviors, and psychosocial variables were collected before intervention materials were provided. Multivariable regression models were used to compare baseline sun-related behaviors and psychosocial variables across groups defined by geographic location and language preference. RESULTS: Participants reported low levels of intentional outdoor tanning, weekday and weekend sun exposure, and very low levels of indoor tanning. However, only a minority of participants practiced sun-protective behaviors often or always, and about 30% experienced a sunburn in the past year. Participants had low levels of recent worry and concern about skin cancer, modest levels of perceived risk and severity, and high levels of response efficacy and self-efficacy. When comparing across groups defined by geographic location and language preference, English-preferring Tampa residents (hereafter referred to as Tampeños) had the highest proportion who were sunburned (35.9%) and tended toward more risky behavior but also had higher protective behavior than did Spanish-preferring Tampeños or Puerto Ricans. Spanish-preferring Puerto Ricans had higher recent concern about skin cancer, comparative chance of getting skin cancer, and response efficacy compared to either English- or Spanish-preferring Tampeños. Spanish-preferring Tampeños had the highest levels of familism and recent distress about skin cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Our results mirror previous observations of low levels of sun-protective behavior among U.S. Hispanics compelling the need for culturally appropriate and translated awareness campaigns targeted to this population. Because Hispanics in Tampa and Puerto Rico reported modest levels of perceived risk and severity, and high levels of response efficacy and self-efficacy, interventions aiming to improve skin cancer prevention activities that are anchored in Protection Motivation Theory may be particularly effective in this population subgroup.

Predictors of correct recall of genetic risk information among Hispanic individuals in Florida and Puerto Rico.

OBJECTIVE: To identify predictors of genetic risk recall and examine whether recall influences adoption of skin cancer preventive behaviors among Hispanic individuals. METHODS: Hispanic participants randomized to intervention arms (n = 463) of a precision prevention trial were provided MC1R risk information (average, higher) and asked to recall their risk after 3 and 9 months. Predictors of recall (correct versus did not recall/misremembered) were determined by backwards stepwise logistic regression. Intervention effects on preventive behaviors were estimated within strata of 3-month recall. RESULTS: Age inversely predicted correct recall in both risk groups (average: OR3-months(3)= 0.97, 95%CI:0.94-1.01, OR9-months(9)= 0.96, 95%CI:0.93-0.99; higher: OR3 = 0.98, 95%CI:0.95-1.01, OR9 = 0.98, 95%CI:0.95-1.00). Education positively predicted recall among participants at average risk (OR3 =1.64, 95%CI:1.06-2.63, OR9 =1.73, 95%CI:1.12-2.81). Darker untanned skin color inversely predicted recall among participants at higher risk (OR3 =0.68, 95%CI:0.45-0.99, OR9 =0.74, 95%CI:0.50-1.09). Intervention effects for routine sunscreen use and undergoing a clinical skin exam were stronger among participants at higher risk who correctly recalled at 3 months than those who did not recall/misremembered. CONCLUSIONS: Younger age, higher education, and lighter untanned skin color predicted correct recall. Better recall may improve skin cancer prevention outcomes. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Additional strategies are needed to boost recall among Hispanic individuals who are older, less educated, and darker-skinned.

Assessment of skin cancer precision prevention materials among Hispanics in Florida and Puerto Rico.

OBJECTIVE: To assess Hispanic participants' ratings of intervention materials and examine differences by language preference. METHODS: Participants on a skin cancer prevention trial were randomized to receive generic (n = 457) or precision prevention materials conveying average (n = 195) or higher genetic risk (n = 268) based on MC1R genotype. Three months after receiving either English or Spanish language prevention materials, participants reported amount read, believability and clarity of materials, and intention to change preventive behavior. RESULTS: Participants reported high levels on all four outcomes, but the precision prevention groups noted lower clarity than the generic group (p = 3.2 ×10-6). Participants preferring Spanish provided consistently higher scores than those preferring English. Among English-preferring participants, those in the precision prevention groups scored lower on all measures than those in the generic group. CONCLUSIONS: Skin cancer prevention materials were well-received by Hispanic participants. Higher scores among participants preferring Spanish may indicate acquiescence bias, or that translated prevention materials met their linguistic needs. Participants in the precision prevention groups with English language preference may have challenges in the uptake of genetic risk results. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Availability of Spanish materials may have facilitated higher scores. Additional strategies should be explored to optimize participants' believability and clarity of precision prevention materials.

Differential DNA Methylation in Prostate Tumors from Puerto Rican Men.

In 2020, approximately 191,930 new prostate cancer (PCa) cases are estimated in the United States (US). Hispanic/Latinos (H/L) are the second largest racial/ethnic group in the US. This study aims to assess methylation patterns between aggressive and indolent PCa including DNA repair genes along with ancestry proportions. Prostate tumors classified as aggressive (n = 11) and indolent (n = 13) on the basis of the Gleason score were collected. Tumor and adjacent normal tissue were annotated on H&E (Haemotoxylin and Eosin) slides and extracted by macro-dissection. Methylation patterns were assessed using the Illumina 850K DNA methylation platform. Raw data were processed using the Bioconductor package. Global ancestry proportions were estimated using ADMIXTURE (k = 3). One hundred eight genes including AOX1 were differentially methylated in tumor samples. Regarding the PCa aggressiveness, six hypermethylated genes (RREB1, FAM71F2, JMJD1C, COL5A3, RAE1, and GABRQ) and 11 hypomethylated genes (COL9A2, FAM179A, SLC17A2, PDE10A, PLEKHS1, TNNI2, OR51A4, RNF169, SPNS2, ADAMTSL5, and CYP4F12) were identified. Two significant differentially methylated DNA repair genes, JMJD1C and RNF169, were found. Ancestry proportion results for African, European, and Indigenous American were 24.1%, 64.2%, and 11.7%, respectively. The identification of DNA methylation patterns related to PCa in H/L men along with specific patterns related to aggressiveness and DNA repair constitutes a pivotal effort for the understanding of PCa in this population.

Mechanism of action of Brazilin on gluconeogenesis in isolated rat hepatocytes.

The present study was undertaken to investigate the mechanism of action of brazilin on gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis in isolated rat hepatocytes and to elucidate the hypoglycemic mechanism of brazilin. Brazilin decreased gluconeogenesis at 100 micro M in hepatocytes isolated from diabetic rats. Brazilin also decreased basal and glucagon-induced gluconeogenesis in hepatocytes from normal rats. Fatty acids (octanoate or oleate)-induced gluconeogenesis was significantly reduced by brazilin, but ketogenesis was not influenced. The depletion of extracellular or intracellular calcium decreased gluconeogenesis in calcium-depleted media. Brazilin lowered dibutyryl cAMP (Bt2cAMP)-induced gluconeogenesis and the intracellular adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) level in glucagon-treated hepatocytes. It was also found that brazilin does not require calcium for inhibition of gluconeogenesis, but may inhibit the down-stream of cAMP signaling pathways. These data suggest that a decreased gluconeogenic flux in hepatocytes might at least partly contribute to the hypoglycemic effects of brazilin.