Yoga therapy DYADS: A novel approach to chronic pain management in underserved populations.

Yoga therapy is an emerging integrative health approach that applies the practices and teachings of yoga for individuals with clinical concerns. It is generally offered as individual sessions between a yoga therapist and client or in a small group setting with several clients who share a clinical concern. Here we describe a third model for consideration- the yoga therapy dyad. A dyad includes two clients working simultaneously with a single yoga therapist and differs from both individual and small group sessions in the potential benefits and challenges. The yoga therapy dyad model that is detailed here was implemented as part of a feasibility trial along with group acupuncture therapy for chronic pain in an underserved population. Underserved populations are at risk for pain and reduced access to care. This pilot may inform future research, policy, education, and clinical practice.

Malignant hyperthermia: not just an operating room emergency.

While usually occurring as an operating room emergency, malignant hyperthermia can appear postoperatively on a medical-surgical unit. If unrecognized and/or untreated, malignant hyperthermia can be fatal. Medical-surgical nurses should be skilled in identifying the pathophysiology, signs/symptoms, and treatment of malignant hyperthermia.

Effects of axial and radial gradients on Cooke triplets.

This study investigates the role of gradient-index materials in the design of Cooke triplets for use as 35-mm format photographic objectives. Cooke triplet designs are presented with different types of gradient-index profiles. Both linear axial and shallow radial gradients are shown to provide effective control of spherical aberration and astigmatism. In particular, a Cooke triplet with a combination of both linear axial and radial gradients attains performance comparable to a six-element double Gauss lens. In virtually all cases, the use of gradient-index components improves the Cooke triplets' performance significantly.

Axial and radial gradient-index titania flint glasses.

A series of TiO(2) flint glasses has been developed for producing GRIN glass by ion exchange. Both positive and negative axial and radial gradients were fabricated in high index glasses by exchange of Li(+) for Na(+) and Na(+) for Li(+), respectively. Index changes to 0.05 and depths up to 6 mm were achieved and a wide variety of index profiles are shown.

Gradient-index silver alumina phosphate glasses by exchange of Na(+) for Ag(+).

High index of refraction crown glasses containing silver oxide have been cast from a melt and used for ion exchange experiments. High quality axial and radial gradient-index profiles were fabricated and the interdiffusion coefficient calculated. Index changes up to 0.08 were achieved in a base glass with n(d) = 1.61 and V(d) = 57.

Index profile control using Li(+) for Na(+) exchange in aluminosilicate glasses.

Two new techniques for altering the gradient-index profile shape are presented using ion exchange of Li(+) for Na(+) in an aluminosilicate glass. By varying the alkali concentration in the base glass and salt melt, the functional form of the index profile is modified to range in shape from convex to concave. The success of these techniques is attributed to the unusual characteristics of the initial system, which are shown to be caused by a nonlinear dependence of refractive index on dopant concentration.

Design, fabrication, and testing of a gradient-index binocular objective.

A two-element axial gradient-index binocular objective has been designed and fabricated by the ion exchange technique. A prototype system has been assembled and tested.

Radial gradient-index eyepiece design.

Three- and four-element eyepiece designs are presented each with a different type of radial gradient-index distribution. Both quadratic and modified quadratic index profiles are shown to provide effective control of the field aberrations. In particular, the three-element design with a quadratic index profile demonstrates that the inhomogeneous power contribution can make significant contributions to the overall system performance, especially the astigmatism correction. Using gradient-index components has allowed for increased eye relief and field of view making these designs comparable with five- and six-element ones.