Accurate integral counting using multi-channel analyzers.

Many techniques in radionuclide metrology rely on accurate measurement of the total count rate, that is integral counting, from a detector. We present the design and results from integral counting using a live-timed multi-channel analyzer (MCA) based on a list-mode digitizer and a live-timed scalar, both with imposed, extending dead times. These systems were benchmarked against an existing NIST anti-coincidence counting system. Both systems were used to determine correction factors to an MCA that uses Gedcke-Hale dead-time corrections. Tests were performed for a large-area gas-flow proportional counter and a NaI(Tl) detector for count rates up to 80 000 s-1. The results were used to create correction factors suitable for alpha- and beta-particle emission rate calibrations.

Large area alpha sources with a lip: Integral counting and spectral distortions.

The detection efficiency for large area alpha sources with adjustable heights of a raised lip around the edge were measured by 2π gas-filled proportional counter. The variations in low-energy spectral shape were modeled using a Geant4 radiation and charge transport Monte Carlo simulation, to enable extrapolation of the spectrum to zero energy. COMSOL Multiphysics finite-element analysis was used to explore changes in the spectrum gain in the presence of a lip. It qualitatively reproduced an increase in peak height due to an increasing height of the source lip. A spectrum analysis procedure was developed to perform integral counting on sources with a lip. The experimental results were used to validate the model, which was then used to predict the changes in 2π counting efficiency for other source-lip geometries.

Barriers to Civil Academic Work Environments: Experiences of Academic Faculty Leaders.

Faculty-to-faculty incivility negatively affects not only the victim of the uncivil behavior but also the nursing program as a whole. This phenomenological study explored the experiences of academic nurse administrators who have dealt with incivility among and between faculty members. An interpretative approach was used to uncover themes, and suggestions are made for managing faculty-to-faculty incivility.

Transforming nursing practice: clinical systems and the nursing unit of the future.

The healthcare industry has historically focused information system expenditures on financial systems. Finally, enabling the practice of clinicians through information systems is beginning to be viewed as a strategic initiative for hospitals and health systems. Vendor applications are now better able to support clinician workflow. Infrastructure is better able to support mobile devices, which bring information to the bedside. Implementation of nursing applications provides a unique opportunity to redesign inefficient and redundant documentation, thereby enabling greater efficiency. Healthcare organizations can jump-start nursing automation by setting a finite and clear tactical plan for initiatives to be rolled out within a year in a single location. The single location enables the organization to experience how well the initiatives integrate to support optimal delivery of care. This article explores nursing information technology initiatives planned to be deployed at a 1,000-bed teaching facility through the use of a Nursing Unit of the Future.

The digital hospital: opportunities and challenges.

Organizations building a new hospital have a one-time opportunity to completely rethink how care is delivered and dramatically enhance quality while concurrently reducing costs. Research clearly indicates technology is a key enabler of patient safety programs. Emerging technologies present the opportunity to automate the entire clinical continuum.