Prostate Cancer Foundation Screening Guidelines for Black Men in the United States.

BACKGROUND: In the United States, Black men are at highest risk for being diagnosed with and dying from prostate cancer. Given this disparity, we examined relevant data to establish clinical prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening guidelines for Black men in the United States. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search identified 1848 unique publications for screening. Of those screened, 287 studies were selected for full-text review, and 264 were considered relevant and form the basis for these guidelines. The numbers were reported according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. RESULTS: Three randomized controlled trials provided Level 1 evidence that regular PSA screening of men 50 to 74 years of age of average risk reduced metastasis and prostate cancer death at 16 to 22 years of follow-up. The best available evidence specifically for Black men comes from observational and modeling studies that consider age to obtain a baseline PSA, frequency of testing, and age when screening should end. Cohort studies suggest that discussions about baseline PSA testing between Black men and their clinicians should begin in the early 40s, and data from modeling studies indicate prostate cancer develops 3 to 9 years earlier in Black men compared with non-Black men. Lowering the age for baseline PSA testing to 40 to 45 years of age from 50 to 55 years of age, followed by regular screening until 70 years of age (informed by PSA values and health factors), could reduce prostate cancer mortality in Black men (approximately 30% relative risk reduction) without substantially increasing overdiagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: These guidelines recommend that Black men should obtain information about PSA screening for prostate cancer. Among Black men who elect screening, baseline PSA testing should occur between ages 40 and 45. Depending on PSA value and health status, annual screening should be strongly considered. (Supported by the Prostate Cancer Foundation.).

Prostate biopsy sepsis prevention: external validation of an alcohol needle washing protocol.

PURPOSE: Transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy (TRUS-Bx) is associated with a 1-8% risk of post-biopsy sepsis (PBS). A recent study described an isopropyl alcohol needle washing protocol that significantly decreased PBS rates. The current study examined the efficacy of this technique in our clinic population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were reviewed for 1250 consecutive patients undergoing TRUS-Bx at the Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center from January 2017 to January 2023. Needle washing was adopted in February 2021. Complications occurring within 30 days after TRUS-Bx were recorded. RESULTS: There were 912 patients in group 1 (without needle washing) and 338 in group 2 (with needle washing). Groups had equivalent demographic features, and men of African descent comprised 70% of patients. Standard 12 core biopsies were done in 83% and 82% in groups 1 and 2, respectively (p = 0.788). Total complication rates were 4% and 2% in groups 1 and 2, respectively (p = 0.077). There were 13 sepsis events in group 1 (1.4%) and none in group 2 (p = 0.027). Clavien-Dindo Grade I-III complications occurred in 25 (2.7%) and 7 (2.1%) patients in groups 1 and 2, respectively (p = 0.505). Standard antibiotic prophylaxis (PO fluoroquinolone and IM gentamicin) was given in 80% and 86% of patients in groups 1 and 2, respectively (p = 0.030). Subset analysis limited to patients who received standard prophylaxis showed a significant difference in sepsis rates (1.5% vs 0%; p = 0.036). CONCLUSIONS: Adoption of isopropyl alcohol needle washing was associated with a significant decrease in PBS events.

Transgender patient undergoing Rezum therapy: a case report.

Rezum is a relatively new, minimally invasive approach that utilizes vaporized water to ablate prostatic tissue surrounding the proximal urethra in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. However, of the many notable studies involving Rezum's effectiveness in men, none have documented use of Rezum in the transgender community. With a growing population of transgender patients in the USA, prostate treatments will be offered for transgender women on a more regular basis. To the best of our knowledge, we introduce the first case of Rezum being utilized to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia in a patient self-identifying as a woman.

Adolescent With Concomitant Transverse and Longitudinal Vaginal Septa.

A vaginal septum is a type of Mullerian anomaly that can be longitudinal or transverse, separating the vagina into two canals. Vaginal septa occur due to lack of fusion and recanalization of Mullerian structures, and often present with voiding dysfunction with potential impact on fertility and sexual function. We describe a rare case of concomitant transverse and longitudinal vaginal septa and discuss its presentation. Additionally, we present a unique surgical management of these anomalies. The patient had an uncomplicated postoperative course and had no continence issues on long term follow up.

Pudendal nerve block prior to inflatable penile prosthesis implantation: decreased intra-operative narcotic requirements.

The opioid epidemic has proven to be a public health crisis over the past two decades and efforts to decrease opioid exposure are sorely needed. Our objective was to determine whether pudendal nerve block utilization in the immediate pre-operative setting decreases intra-operative opioid analgesic requirements in veteran patients undergoing a primary inflatable penile prosthesis implantation. We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of all patients undergoing penile prosthesis implantation between January 2017 and July 2020 at the Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center in Augusta, GA. Univariable and multivariable gamma regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between pudendal nerve block utilization and intra-operative opioid analgesic requirements. The study cohort consisted of 110 patients, 35 (31.8%) of whom underwent a pudendal nerve block. Median intra-operative opioid analgesic requirements were significantly lower in the pudendal nerve block group (16.3 versus 25.8 morphine milliequivalents, p = 0.037). Receipt of the nerve block was associated with significantly lower intra-operative opioid analgesic requirements on multivariable (coefficient 0.84, p = 0.038) regression analysis. There was no significant difference in post-operative opioid analgesic requirements (p = 0.18). In conclusion, pre-operative pudendal nerve blocks decrease intra-operative opioid analgesic requirements in veteran patients undergoing a primary inflatable penile prosthesis implantation.

Impact of early hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis maturation on prostate cancer: cross-sectional analysis of a Veterans affairs cohort.

BACKGROUND: It has been hypothesized that earlier onset of puberty, and thus a more prolonged exposure to high androgen levels, increases risk of prostate cancer development. Our objective was to determine whether earlier age of first shave and height, as surrogates of pubertal onset, were associated with risk of prostate cancer diagnosis. METHODS: A prospectively collected outcomes registry of patients presenting for a prostate biopsy at the Charlie Norwood Veterans Affair Medical Center in Augusta, GA between July 1995 and June 2016 was utilized. The associations between age of first shave and height, each, and risks of a positive prostate biopsy, high grade cancer, and high volume disease were evaluated using univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis, controlling for baseline patient demographic and oncologic characteristics. RESULTS: Our cohort included 2,456 patients. Biopsies were positive in 1,257 (51.2%) patients, of whom 293 (23.3%) and 407 (32.4%) had high grade and volume disease, respectively. Median age of first shave was 17.0 years (interquartile range 16.0-19.0) and height was 177.7 cm (172.8-182.9). On multivariable analysis, later of age of first shave was significantly associated with increased odds of a positive prostate biopsy (odds ratio for >18 versus <16 years: 5.34, P=0.02) and taller patients had significantly increased odds of high grade cancer (odds ratio for 175-180 versus <175 cm: 7.46, P=0.037). CONCLUSIONS: Amongst patients presenting for a prostate biopsy, those with a later age of first shave and taller height have an increased risk of a positive prostate biopsy and high grade prostate cancer, respectively.

Decreasing suicide risk among patients with prostate cancer: Implications for depression, erectile dysfunction, and suicidal ideation screening.

OBJECTIVE: Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy among males, accounting for 19% of cancers, and the third most common cancer-related cause of death. Suicide rates in the United States have increased among males over the last decade. Further, suicide rates are higher in oncology patients, including patients with prostate cancer, compared to the general population. The objective of this article is to review the current literature and address the relationship between prostate cancer, depression, erectile dysfunction, and suicidal ideation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the current literature pertaining to prostate cancer and depression, and prostate cancer and suicide. Furthermore, associations were made between erectile dysfunction and depression. RESULTS: Men with prostate cancer at increased risk for suicidal death are White, unmarried, elderly, and men with distant disease. Time since diagnosis is also an important factor, since men are at risk of suicide>15 years after diagnosis. Approximately 60% of men with prostate cancer experience mental health distress, with 10%-40% having clinically significant depression. Additionally, patients that received androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) are 23% more likely to develop depression compared to those without ADT. Longitudinal studies of prostate cancer patients suggest that erectile dysfunction after curative treatment may have a significant psychological effect leading to depression. Herein, a newly proposed screening algorithm suggests for an evaluation with the expanded prostate cancer index composite-clinical practice, patient health questionnaire-9, and an 8-question suicidal ideation questionnaire to assess for health-related quality of life, depression, and suicidal ideation. CONCLUSION: The burden of screening for erectile dysfunction, depression and suicidal ideation lies with the entire health care team, as there appears to be an association between these diagnoses, that is, compounded in patients with prostate cancer. The screening algorithm should assist with guiding timely and appropriate psychiatric referral to optimize outcomes in these high-risk patients.

Robot-assisted anatrophic nephrolithotomy: description of technique and early results.

PURPOSE: To assess the feasibility and report early outcomes of robot-assisted anatrophic nephrolithotomy (RAN) as a treatment modality for patients with complex staghorn calculi. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this single-center prospective study, seven consecutive patients underwent RAN for complex staghorn calculi. After dissection to the renal hilum and clamping of the renal vessels, a nephrotomy was made along the Brodel line and dissection carried through the collecting system to the calculus. The stone was extracted, and the collecting system and parenchyma were closed in layers; no cooling of the kidney was performed. RESULTS: The mean patient age was 47±16 years, mean body mass index was 31.9±10.0 kg/m(2), and five of seven patients had complete staghorn calculi. Mean warm ischemia time was 35±7 minutes, mean robotic time was 158±51 minutes, and mean estimated blood loss was 121±39 mL. Mean length of stay was 3.0±1.7 days, and there was one perioperative complication. Five of seven patients had >90% reduction in stone burden, and two (29%) patients were completely stone free. Mean follow-up time was 5.1±4.3 months, and there was no decrease in postoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate compared with preoperative values. CONCLUSIONS: Our preliminary experience with RAN demonstrates a safe procedure with encouraging outcomes as a minimally invasive treatment modality for patients with extensive stone burden. Longer follow-up to determine the effect of RAN on renal function is needed.

Impact of Comorbidity, Race, and Marital Status in Men Referred for Prostate Biopsy with PSA >20 ng/mL: A Pilot Study in High-Risk Patients.

Objective. To assess the impact of comorbidity, race, and marital status on overall survival (OS) among men presenting for prostate biopsy with PSA >20 ng/mL. Methods. Data were reviewed from 2000 to 2012 and 78 patients were included in the cohort. We analyzed predictors of OS using a Cox proportional hazards model and the association between Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score and PCa diagnosis or high-grade cancer using logistic regression and multinomial regression models, respectively. Results. The median age of patients was 62.5 (IQR 57-73) years. Median CCI was 3 (IQR 2-4), 69% of patients were African American men, 56% of patients were married, and 85% of patients had a positive biopsy. CCI (HR 1.52, 95% CI 1.19, 1.94), PSA (HR 1.62, 95% CI 1.09, 2.42), and Gleason sum (HR 2.04, 95% CI 1.17, 3.56) were associated with OS. CCI was associated with Gleason sum 7 (OR 4.06, 95% CI 1.04, 15.89) and Gleason sum 8-10 (OR 4.52, 95% CI 1.16, 17.54) PCa. Conclusions. CCI is an independent predictor of high-grade disease and worse OS among men with PCa. Race and marital status were not significantly associated with survival in this cohort. Patient comorbidity is an important component of determining the optimal approach to management of prostate cancer.

Nephrolithiasis in "back-to-back" kidneys.

A 57-year-old woman presented with a 1-week history of left lower quadrant pain and nausea and vomiting. Computed tomography without contrast demonstrated a left 2.3-cm calculus at the ureteropelvic junction and a 6-mm lower pole calculus. The kidneys were in the pelvis and oriented "back-to-back," with the lateral portions of the kidneys fused in the midline. To our knowledge, this is the first description of this renal fusion anomaly. The patient underwent robotic pyelolithotomy of the ureteropelvic junction calculus and subsequent flexible ureteroscopic laser lithotripsy of the lower pole calculus and ureteral stent placement through the assistant working port.