Enabling uptake and sustainability of supervision roles by women GPs in Australia: a narrative analysis of interviews.

BACKGROUND: Worldwide, the proportion of women entering careers in medicine is increasing. To ensure diversity and capacity in the general practice ("GP") supervision workforce, a greater understanding from the perspective of women GPs engaged in or considering the clinical supervision of trainee doctors is important. This narrative inquiry aims to explore the uptake and sustainability of supervision roles for women GPs in the Australian context. METHODS: Qualitative interviews with Australian women GPs were conducted between July and September 2021. Women GPs were selected to represent a range of demographics, practice contexts, and supervision experience to promote broad perspectives. Narrative analysis drew on participant perspectives, allowing emergent stories to be explored using story arcs based on the characters, settings, problems, actions, and resolutions. These stories were evaluated by a broad research team and a high level of agreement of the final narratives and counter-narratives was achieved. RESULTS: Of the 25 women who enrolled, 17 completed interviews. Six narratives emerged, including: power and control, pay, time, other life commitments, quality of supervision, and supervisor identity. These represented significant intersecting issues with the potential to impact the uptake and sustainability of supervision by women GPs. Some women GPs reported a lack of agency to make decisions about their role in supervision and were not remunerated for teaching. Uptake and sustainability of supervision was constrained by other life commitments, which could be buffered by team-sharing arrangements and a supportive practice. Although adding a burden of time atop their complex and sensitive consultations, women GPs were committed to being available to registrars and supervising at a high standard. To foster high quality supervision, women GPs were interested in up-skilling resources, building experience and harnessing support networks. Women sensed imposter syndrome when negotiating a supervisor identity, which could be managed by explicitly valuing their contribution. CONCLUSION: The findings can inform the development of more specific resources, supports and structures to enable women GPs in Australia to uptake and sustain the supervision of trainee doctors at a level they find both acceptable and rewarding.

The first pulse of the extremely bright GRB 130427A: a test lab for synchrotron shocks.

Gamma-ray burst (GRB) 130427A is one of the most energetic GRBs ever observed. The initial pulse up to 2.5 seconds is possibly the brightest well-isolated pulse observed to date. A fine time resolution spectral analysis shows power-law decays of the peak energy from the onset of the pulse, consistent with models of internal synchrotron shock pulses. However, a strongly correlated power-law behavior is observed between the luminosity and the spectral peak energy that is inconsistent with curvature effects arising in the relativistic outflow. It is difficult for any of the existing models to account for all of the observed spectral and temporal behaviors simultaneously.

Gamma-ray imaging with a Si/CsI(Tl) Compton detector.

We present results from Compton imaging of gamma-ray sources using an instrument constructed from thin silicon scattering detectors and CsI(Tl) absorbing detectors. We have successfully imaged single and double point sources for several common radioactive isotopes ((137)Cs, (60)Co, (22)Na, (54)Mn). The measured angular resolution is 11.6( composite function) FWHM at 662keV. In parallel with the hardware effort, a GEANT4-based simulation code was developed. Comparisons between real and simulated data are discussed.

A giant gamma-ray flare from the magnetar SGR 1806-20.

Two classes of rotating neutron stars-soft gamma-ray repeaters (SGRs) and anomalous X-ray pulsars-are magnetars, whose X-ray emission is powered by a very strong magnetic field (B approximately 10(15) G). SGRs occasionally become 'active', producing many short X-ray bursts. Extremely rarely, an SGR emits a giant flare with a total energy about a thousand times higher than in a typical burst. Here we report that SGR 1806-20 emitted a giant flare on 27 December 2004. The total (isotropic) flare energy is 2 x 10(46) erg, which is about a hundred times higher than the other two previously observed giant flares. The energy release probably occurred during a catastrophic reconfiguration of the neutron star's magnetic field. If the event had occurred at a larger distance, but within 40 megaparsecs, it would have resembled a short, hard gamma-ray burst, suggesting that flares from extragalactic SGRs may form a subclass of such bursts.

Observation of X-ray lines from a gamma-ray burst (GRB991216): evidence of moving ejecta from the progenitor.

We report on the discovery of two emission features observed in the x-ray spectrum of the afterglow of the gamma-ray burst (GRB) of 16 December 1999 by the Chandra X-ray Observatory. These features are identified with the Ly(alpha) line and the narrow recombination continuum by hydrogenic ions of iron at a redshift z = 1.00 +/- 0.02, providing an unambiguous measurement of the distance of a GRB. Line width and intensity imply that the progenitor of the GRB was a massive star system that ejected, before the GRB event, a quantity of iron approximately 0.01 of the mass of the sun at a velocity approximately 0.1 of the speed of light, probably by a supernova explosion.

Achieving population targets for Australia: an analysis of the options.

PIP: This article reviews the role of migration in determining population size in Australia, and suggest ways of achieving a stationary population, or zero population growth (ZPG), when fertility is below replacement. There is a narrow range of feasible options. It is argued that achievement of ZPG is feasible only with net migration of 60,000-100,000 annually and with a fertility rate of 1.65-1.8 children/woman. Migration could be used to balance shortages of births. Under this scenario, population size would reach 24-26 million by about 2037, and stabilize at this level. The ZPG option was reached by conducting analyses that address 4 questions. The authors define 10 assumptions, 4 outcome measures of age distribution, the dependency ratio, and population turnover. Scenario 1 aims to reach the target population without a time constraint. Scenario 2 aims to stabilize population within 100 years with no constraint on population size. Scenario 3 aims to achieve a particular target stationary population within 100 years. Scenario 4 aims to achieve the population targets within 50 years and varying migration to maintain target population size. It is argued that using a lower target than 1.65 children/woman and zero migration would allow population size to decline to 12 million, but momentum would bring population size down to about 5.5 million in the next century. Allowing population to decline to very low levels without immigration would yield severe population aging. The proposed ideal option may not be attainable, if levels of fertility deviate widely, or emigration levels are not controlled.^ieng