RESUMO
Results are presented which show that Aspergillus fumigatus was one of the predominant fungi contaminating moldy silage. Growth of A. fumigatus on silage appeared to depend on a preliminary aerobic fermentation by other natural microflora in silage. The clavine alkaloid, fumigaclavine A, and a new clavine alkaloid designated fumigaclavine C were produced by A. fumigatus. The LD50 of fumigaclavine C was approximately 150 mg/kg oral dose in day-old cockerels.
Assuntos
Ração Animal , Aspergillus fumigatus/metabolismo , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Micotoxinas/biossíntese , Silagem , Animais , Galinhas , Dose Letal Mediana , Masculino , Micotoxinas/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Two new isomeric metabolites, toxins A and B, were isolated from culture extracts of Penicillium islandicum. Both toxins had a molecular formula of C16H15O2N2Cl, and physical and chemical analyses indicated that they were indole alkaloids. LD50 of toxin A was about 75-125 mg/kg in day-old cockerels. Insufficient toxin B was available to determine accurate LD50 values. Toxin A moderately inhibited growth of wheat coleoptiles but did not inhibit growth of week-old intact corn and bean plants. Toxin B showed no plant-growth inhibition.
Assuntos
Alcaloides/biossíntese , Micotoxinas/biossíntese , Penicillium/metabolismo , Animais , Arachis , Galinhas , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Indóis , Dose Letal Mediana , Micotoxinas/toxicidade , Penicillium/isolamento & purificação , Triticum/efeitos dos fármacos , Triticum/crescimento & desenvolvimentoAssuntos
Indóis , Micotoxinas , Penicillium , Fenômenos Químicos , Química , Hidrogenação , Tremor/induzido quimicamenteRESUMO
A diarrheagenic toxin from culture extracts of Aspergillus wentii Wehmer isolated from weevil-damaged Chinese chestnuts was identified as emodin (2-methyl-4,5,7-trihydroxyanthraquinone). The orange-red, crystalline toxin (mp 255 to 257 C) showed ultraviolet absorption maxima in ethyl alcohol at 223, 250, 267, 290, and 442 nm, and infrared absorption maxima at 3,400 cm-1 (OH), 1,635, and 1,625 CM-1. Chemical shifts and coupling constants of the proton magnetic resonance spectra of the A. wentii toxin and of authentic emodin agreed. Mean lethal dose of emodin orally administered to 1-day-old DeKalb cockerels was 3.7 mg/kg.
Assuntos
Antraquinonas/biossíntese , Aspergillus/metabolismo , Emodina/biossíntese , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Nozes , Animais , Fenômenos Químicos , Química , Galinhas , Besouros , Diarreia/veterinária , Emodina/toxicidade , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/induzido quimicamente , Espectrofotometria Infravermelho , Espectrofotometria UltravioletaRESUMO
Two tremorgenic mycotoxins were isolated from Aspergillus caespitosus, and identified as verruculogen and fumitremorgin B. They were produced at the rate of 172 and 325 mg per kg, respectively, on autoclaved cracked field corn.
Assuntos
Aspergillus/metabolismo , Micotoxinas/biossíntese , Animais , Aspergillus/análise , Galinhas , Cromatografia em Camada Fina , Meios de Cultura , Masculino , Micotoxinas/análise , Micotoxinas/farmacologia , Espectrofotometria Infravermelho , Espectrofotometria Ultravioleta , Tremor/induzido quimicamente , Zea maysAssuntos
Micotoxinas , Penicillium/análise , Animais , Fenômenos Químicos , Química , Galinhas , Dose Letal Mediana , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Espectrometria de Massas , Micotoxinas/análise , Micotoxinas/isolamento & purificação , Micotoxinas/toxicidade , Espectrofotometria UltravioletaAssuntos
Micotoxinas , Penicillium/metabolismo , Tremor/induzido quimicamente , Administração Oral , Animais , Galinhas , Indóis/análise , Injeções Intraperitoneais , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Espectrometria de Massas , Micotoxinas/biossíntese , Micotoxinas/isolamento & purificação , Micotoxinas/farmacologia , Penicillium/análise , Espectrofotometria UltravioletaAssuntos
Ciclobutanos/biossíntese , Micotoxinas/biossíntese , Fenômenos Químicos , Química , FusariumRESUMO
Two nonaflatoxin-producing isolates of Aspergillus flavus produced a new nonfluorescent nitrogen-containing metabolite that was highly toxic to 1-day-old cockerels. The oral mean lethal dose of toxin was 19 mg/kg. Chemical and physical data obtained on the purified toxin demonstrated that it was not one of the previously reported metabolites of A. flavus. The common name "flavutoxin" has been assigned to the toxin.
Assuntos
Aspergillus flavus , Micotoxinas/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Aspergillus flavus/metabolismo , Galinhas , Cristalização , Meios de Cultura , Dimetilformamida , Fluorescência , Dose Letal Mediana , Masculino , Micotoxinas/toxicidade , Piridinas , Solubilidade , Espectrofotometria Infravermelho , Espectrofotometria UltravioletaRESUMO
A mycotoxin-producing strain of Fusarium moniliforme was isolated from southern leaf blight-damaged corn seed. A water-soluble toxin, subsequently purified from the fungus, had an oral median lethal dose of 4.0 milligrams per kilogram in 1-day-old cockerels. The toxin also produced plant growth-regulating and phytotoxic effects on plant systems. Physical and chemical data presented for the toxin suggest a structurally new toxin. The trivial name "moniliformin" has been assigned to the toxin.
