RESUMO
The study of high-speed transport drivers' work has indicated that the latter is characterized by high nervous and emotional stress, the required long forced posture, high attention and monotonicity, as well as the physiologically power-intensive algorithm that places stringent requirements for the body's functional state. A combination of the above factors significantly deteriorates the drivers' ability to maintain the required level of vigilance, working capacity, and readiness for emergent actions, which requires the introduction of new security systems and the development of complex measures to minimize the influence of the above negative factors.
Assuntos
Acidentes de Trânsito/prevenção & controle , Acomodação Ocular/fisiologia , Fadiga Mental/epidemiologia , Fadiga Mental/psicologia , Doenças Profissionais/epidemiologia , Doenças Profissionais/fisiopatologia , Meios de Transporte , Percepção Visual/fisiologia , Humanos , Carga de TrabalhoRESUMO
The paper deals with the setting up of a system for early diagnosis of premorbidity and for medical professional rehabilitation of locomotive teams. Non-drug preventive measures are shown to have a high rehabilitative effect.
Assuntos
Reabilitação Cardíaca , Gastroenteropatias/reabilitação , Doenças Profissionais/reabilitação , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Periférico/reabilitação , Ferrovias , Reabilitação Vocacional , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , OcupaçõesRESUMO
The paper deals with a physiological rationale for fixing pensions for locomotive-drivers within the ranges of age and length of service. The study is based on the fact that the nature and conditions of their work accelerate their ageing and decrease their working capacity.
Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Transtornos da Audição/etiologia , Doenças Profissionais/etiologia , Ocupações , Pensões , Ferrovias , Transtornos da Visão/etiologia , Acomodação Ocular , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Envelhecimento , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Tempo , Avaliação da Capacidade de TrabalhoRESUMO
The paper deals with the physiological assessment of some biologically active food additives (BAFA). The authors formulate principles in selecting BAFA to prevent fatigability and premorbidity associated with safe railway traffic.
Assuntos
Fadiga/prevenção & controle , Aditivos Alimentares , Doenças Profissionais/prevenção & controle , Ferrovias , Humanos , OcupaçõesRESUMO
Conditions of Far North determine use of shifted work mode for construction of railways. The studies proved that low-distance shifted work is the most acceptable due to preserved health and work performance, lower rate of ageing. This mode maintains adaptation to the region's conditions, high level of work performance, saves the qualified workers.
Assuntos
Adaptação Fisiológica , Clima Frio , Tolerância ao Trabalho Programado , Regiões Árticas , Humanos , Federação RussaRESUMO
Analyses the problems in present-day system of legislation on pensions. The main tasks in improvement of the current system are assessment of the rate of aging, validation of the minimal length of service needed for preterm retiring, and the possibility of earlier retiring for subjects with a length of service longer than the required one.
Assuntos
Pensões , Ferrovias , Aposentadoria/legislação & jurisprudência , Idoso , Nível de Saúde , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ocupações , Federação Russa , Fatores de TempoAssuntos
Ferrovias , Aposentadoria , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores SexuaisAssuntos
Temperatura Corporal , Clima , Microclima , Ferrovias , Adulto , Exposição Ambiental , Humanos , Masculino , Padrões de ReferênciaRESUMO
A study was made of energy losses in the assemblers engaged in the construction of a railway bridge. It was established that daily energy losses in this vocational group did not exceed 2900 kcal. Basing on the data obtained the authors calculated the requirements of the assemblers for the main foods, vitamins and mineral elements.