Geomorphic and geologic controls of geohazards induced by Nepal's 2015 Gorkha earthquake.

The Gorkha earthquake (magnitude 7.8) on 25 April 2015 and later aftershocks struck South Asia, killing ~9000 people and damaging a large region. Supported by a large campaign of responsive satellite data acquisitions over the earthquake disaster zone, our team undertook a satellite image survey of the earthquakes' induced geohazards in Nepal and China and an assessment of the geomorphic, tectonic, and lithologic controls on quake-induced landslides. Timely analysis and communication aided response and recovery and informed decision-makers. We mapped 4312 coseismic and postseismic landslides. We also surveyed 491 glacier lakes for earthquake damage but found only nine landslide-impacted lakes and no visible satellite evidence of outbursts. Landslide densities correlate with slope, peak ground acceleration, surface downdrop, and specific metamorphic lithologies and large plutonic intrusions.

First Report of Macrophomina phaseolina Causing Strawberry Crown and Root Rot in Northwestern Argentina.

The winter strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) industry in subtropical regions is characterized by early-season fruit production, a time when crop value is the highest. This is the case of the northwestern province of Tucuman (27°S), Argentina's largest winter strawberry growing area (2). Collapsed and dying strawberry plants of cv. Camarosa were observed in commercial farms in Tucumán in September 2007 with an incidence of 16%. Crowns and roots of affected plants revealed dark, external and internal browning tissue with several dark, oblong, subepidermal sclerotia. Pieces of necrotic crowns and roots disinfested with 0.6% chloride for 30 s were placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA). After 4 days of incubation at 25°C with constant fluorescent lighting, dark cultures with numerous, dark, oblong sclerotia immersed in the isolation medium were observed. Sclerotia size ranged from 70 to 120 µm in 7-day-old cultures. The isolated fungus was identified as Macrophomina phaseolina (3). Ostiolate pycnidia bearing ellipsoidal, hyaline conidia were rarely observed on the affected host tissue (1). Pathogenicity tests were performed on micropropagated nursery plants grown in sterile potting soil under greenhouse conditions for 3 months. Single-sclerotia culture was grown in PDA at 25°C for 4 days. Then, sterile wooden toothpicks were placed on the medium for seven additional days to allow fungal colonization. Prior to use, toothpicks were autoclaved twice in deionized water and once in V8 juice (4). Four plants of Camarosa, Camino Real, Pajaro, and Chandler cultivars were inoculated by inserting a colonized toothpick into the crown. Sterile toothpicks were inserted into crowns of control plants. All plants were incubated under greenhouse conditions. The experimental setting was a randomized complete design with two replicates per cultivar. Inoculated plants developed wilting in one or more leaves 6 days after inoculation. Most of the inoculated plants (90%) collapsed or died within 2 weeks, while control plants remained healthy during the observation period. The reisolated fungus from affected plants was morphologically and culturally identical to the inoculated isolates. M. phaseolina has been reported in the province of Santa Fe (~32°S) where winters are humid and cold (1), contrasting with Tucumán winters, which are dry and cold, both highly conducive conditions for the development of the disease. To our knowledge, this is the first report of M. phaseolina, an emerging pathogen, considered as a potential threat for northwestern Argentina's strawberry industry, which is recognized as a major source of employment and income in this region. References: (1) C. J. N. Carrera. Ficha Fitopatológica 000867 INTA IMIZA Castelar Bs.As., 1972. (2) D. S. Kirschbaum and J. F. Hancock. HortScience 35:807, 2000. (3) J. Maas. Page 26 in: Compendium of Strawberry Diseases. 2nd ed. J. L. Maas, ed. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 1998. (4) J. Mertely et al. Plant Dis. 89:434, 2005.

[Elements making up the identity of the nurse in descriptions expressed by graduating students]. / Elementos constituintes da identidade de enfermeiro no discurso de graduandos.

Identity is usually conceived by choosing a series of characteristics which should be truly considered a person's own; it searches to fulfill needs that other way would stop individuals to build their own destinies. We aimed to apprehend the nurse's identity built by a group of Nursing undergraduate students. It was used a qualitative approach. "Care" was the word mostly used by the students while trying to explain what means to be a nurse. However, few of them could define the meaning of this care. From the students' speeches, we verified that the nurse is very related to the practical work, despite the fact that they affirm it to be an intellectual work. Another point discussed in this article is that the students do not mention the professors influence while building their perception of nurses.

[The nurse's work in mental health services of the public network of Campinas-SP]. / O trabalho do enfermeiro nos equipamentos de saúde mental da rede pública de Campinas-SP.

This work aimed at verifying the field of performance of nurses in the mental health services in the city of Campinas-SP as well as at analyzing their work relations with other members of the multi-professional staff as an attempt to observe the nexuses established between such professionals' practice and the service's conception concerning team work. A qualitative and descriptive investigation was conducted which used the case report as a research methodology. It was observed that nurses take different roles according to the organization of the team's work process and that the recognition of such context is essential for nursing professionals to develop their work critically and to keep high quality standards.

[Mental suffering of nurses who care for cancer patients]. / O sofrimento psíquico dos enfermeiros que lidam com pacientes oncológicos.

In this qualitative study, four nurses of a teaching hospital in the city of Campinas, São Paulo-Brazil, all of them working with oncological patients were interviewed in order to verify the situation that most caused mental suffering in the day by day with these patients. Data collection were performed as proposed by the ethnographic approach and the non-directive interview and the direct observation was employed. The contain analysis has been utilized to the data analysis. The results have shown that many situations of the relationship nurses-oncological patients cause mental suffering in that professional. Those situations are tied to the work of the nurses, to the kind of patient treated by those professionals and to the kind of sickness presented by the patient. That study has shown that, many times, the nurses utilize defense mechanisms against that mental suffering. This work aims to contribute to the knowledge of the subject and therefore be itself a base in which one could elaborate measures that can make these problems that occur with the nurses that work in the Oncology area lighter. With that study to contribute to the comprehension of the challenge that the cancer, sickness that make professional and population frightened, is.