[Comparison of effectiveness of treatment for cervical carcinoma using different brachytherapy equipment]. / Sravnitel'naia otsenka éffektivnosti oblucheniia raka sheiki matki na razlichnykh brakhiterapevticheskikh apparatakh.

The immediate and end results of combined radiotherapy for cervical carcinoma stages I-III conducted at the N.N. Blokhin Center's Clinic (1982-1996) were compared. Intracavitary irradiation was carried out using the following radiation sources: 60Co-AGAT-V (208); 137Cs-Selectron (96) and 252Cf-ANET-V and ANET-VA (115). Remote-control irradiation procedure was identical in all groups. Five-year survival for stage I was 85.1% +/- 6.2; 85.7% +/- 13.1 and 87.8% +/- 1.2; stage II--67.5% +/- 4.0; 61% +/- 8.5 and 76.6 +/- 3.2; stage III--43.6% +/- 6.8; 57.7% +/- 9.6 and 70.9% +/- 5.4, respectively. Ten-year survival for stage I was 56.9% +/- 15.1; 85.4% +/- 13.1 and 80.1% +/- 1.5; stage II--65% +/- 5.2; 46.5% +/- 8.7 and 70.7% +/- 3.5; stage III--42% +/- 8.8; 51.3 +/- 9.9 and 64.6% +/- 6.2, respectively.

[Effect of dosage in the planning of intracavitary irradiation]. / Effekt moshchnosti dozy pri planirovanii vnutripolostnogo oblucheniia.

A comparison was carried out of different procedures of evaluation of the role of dosage in contact radiation effect. The assets and liabilities of the available methods of evaluation were studied with respect to the Ellis--time-dose-fractionation and linear-quadratic concepts. It was demonstrated that the sublethal damage repair model evolved by H.D.Thames and R.G. Dale (11, 16) in the framework of linear-quadratic approach to protracted irradiation can be used to compute iso-effective dosage when high or low loses are employed for fractionated intracavitary irradiation. A correction for dosage is a function of time of dose application and should be made for each fractionation regiment, i.e. number of fractions per week, dose per fraction, specifically in each case. The Thames-Dake model provides a means for establishing critical dosage for a modality of fractionated contact irradiation which is clinically significant, i.e. it differs from the set value by more than 5%. This, in turn, means that the absorbed dose should exceed the previously set one by at least 5%.

[Late results of treating cervical cancer with a proton beam]. / Otdalennye rezul'taty lecheniia raka sheiki matki puchkom protonov.

The authors described methods of cervical cancer therapy performed in 1970 using the proton beam of the Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics and analyzed long-term results. The use of protons resulted in homogeneous irradiation of a preset target volume without injuring the adjacent organs and tissues. Proton beam irradiation of the uterus was combined with gamma-beam therapy of the zones of regional metastatic spreading. Postradiation reactions were unobserved in the adjacent bladder and rectum in patients receiving combined therapy and irradiation alone. The clinical efficacy of proton beam irradiation was confirmed by the treatment of 160 patients.

[Neutron therapy of endometrial cancer using californium-252 sources of high activity]. / Neitronnaia terapiia raka éndometriia istochnikami kaliforniia-252 vysokoi aktivnosti.

Endometrial cancer patients received intracavitary irradiation from the Anet-B installation using a high-energy 252-Cf source. Radical complex radiotherapy was given to 30 patients and radical-dose intracavitary irradiation--to 14 only. Incomplete palliative radiotherapy was carried out in 6 cases. Intracavitary radiation treatment preceded extirpation of the uterus and appendages in 10 cases. The complex radiotherapy proved effective in 93% of patients with stage I, II and III endometrial tumors.

[The use of the "Selectron" apparatus in the radiotherapy of patients with uterine cancer]. / Ispol'zovanie apparata "Selektron" v luchevom lechenii bol'nykh rakom matki.

The technique of combined radiotherapy of uterine cancer is described employing gammatherapy biaxial rotation and the intracavitary gammatherapy using radiotherapeutical catheter apparatus "Selectron" (Holland). At stage I combined radiotherapy irradiation has been applied daily (2 Gy 5 times weekly) with the total dose reaching 18-20 Gy. The treatment stage II involved intracavitary gamma irradiation by "Selectron". Radiation has been carried out in two regimes of dose fractioning: 1) single local dose in point A (5-6 Gy, 2 times a week and 2) single local dose in point A (10-18 Gy, once a week). The total local dose for both variants is 60 Gy (in point A). Irradiation of regional metastases has been carried out on days free from intracavitary gammatherapy, that permitted withdrawal of the primary tumour lesion from the zone of radiation effect. A conventional regime of dose fractioning has been used. Thus, the combined radiotherapy of uterine cancer has provided the total local dose (in point A) 80-90 Gy, and up to 60 Gy in point B. In some cases the stages of treatment were changed, for the bleeding tumours the treatment started with "Selectron" therapy with subsequent irradiation of the small pelvis. The efficiency of treatment has been evaluated in accordance with clinicomorphological data. The tumours with prevailing exophytic forms of growth have exhibited more rapid regression than those with endophytic growth. In majority of cases reactivity has been restricted to catarrhal epitheliitis. Radiation-induced reaction of the adjoining organs was insignificant. The patients' tolerance was satisfactory. Radiation-induced complications have not been registered in the time interval from 6 months to 2.5 years. The complete clinical regression has been observed in 88% of patients, partial regression in 4%, no response in 8%. 80% of patients have survived 1 year without recurrences and metastases, 75% were alive 2.5 years after treatment. Intracavitary irradiation by the 137Cs sources ("Selectron") are no less efficient than 60Co sources. "Selectron" is convenient, adjustable for different irradiation programmes and ensures radiation safety.

[Comparative analysis of the results of combined radiotherapy of cervix cancer using 60Co sources of high and low activity for intracavitary irradiation]. / Sravnitel'nyi analiz rezul'tatov sochetannoi luchevoi terapii raka sheiki matki s ispol'zovaniem dlia vnutripolostnogo oblucheniia istochnikov 60Co vysokoi i nizkoi atkivnosti.

The results of complex radiation therapy in 130 patients with cervical cancer were compared. Colpometrostats (components of AraT-B apparatus) with automatically-fed sources of 60Co high-level radiation were used for intracavitary treatment in 65 patients (group I). Gynecologic gamma-ray applicators with manually afterloaded 60Co low-level radiation sources were employed in group 2. No recurrence or metastasis were identified in stage I-II cases of both groups within the first 3 years of follow-up. Metastases into regional lymph nodes were detected in 3 patients (stage III) in group I and recurrences with advancing metastatic spread in 4 patients of group 2. Radiation-induced complications were relatively frequent in group 2.

[Prospects for using the Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics proton beam for treating gynecologic cancer patients]. / Vozmozhnosti ispol'zovaniia protonnogo puchka ITEF dlia lecheniia onkoginekologicheskikh bol'nykh.

Untoward side-effects of exposure of normal tissues surrounding tumor in the course of radiation treatment were avoided due to the use of a proton beam developed at the Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics. As a result, no post-treatment complications were observed in the surrounding tissues of the urinary bladder and rectum in 175 cancer patients (tumors of the vulva-39 and cervix uteri-136) who received a course of complex radiation treatment and preoperative irradiation.

[Demethylation of methindione]. / Demetilirovanie metindiona.

Methindion demethylation was shown to occur in rats. This process proceeds with the participation of NADPH-dependent transport system of microsomal electrons. In experiments in vivo methindion demethylation coursed at a high rate and was accompanied by a partial loss of its anticonvulsive effects.

[Interaction of 2,6-dimethyl-3,5-dicarbethoxy-1,4-dihydropyridine with enzymes of the NADP.H2-specific electron transport chain of rat liver microsomes]. / Vzaimodeistvie 2,6-dimetil-3,5-dikarbetoksi-1,4-digidropiridina s fermentami NADF.H2-spetsifichnoi tsepi perenosa élektronov mikrosom pecheni krys.

2,6-Dimethyl-3,5-dicarboethoxy-1,4-dihydropyridine (DHP) interacts with NADPH-dependent electron transfer system of rat liver microsomes: it forms a complex with the terminal oxidase-cytochrome P-450, according to type I, and inhibits clearly the activity of NADPH-cytochromes c-reductase and mitindione dimethylesterase. DHP repeatedly administered in vivo rendered no inducing influence upon the microsomal enzymes.