[Application of autofluorescence microscopy and laser Induced fluorescence methods to study the dynamics of the demineralization primary teeth process in vitro]. / Primenenie autofluorestsentnoi mikroskopii i lazernoi fluometrii dlya izucheniya protsessa demineralizatsii vremennykh zubov in vitro.

OBJECTIVE: Improvement of methods for studying the processes of demineralization of hard tissues of temporary teeth. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included primaries second molars (n=11). Samples of primary teeth were placed in a test tube with a demineralizing solution for - 1, 4, 8, 21 and 31 days. The of primary teeth samples were examined using methods - laser induced fluorescence (LIF) and autofluorescence microscopy (AFM). Assessment of the degree of demineralization of samples of temporary teeth was carried out according to the score scale developed by us. RESULTS: The enamel of the samples is demineralized slowly and evenly for up to 8 days with minimal objective signs, starting from the 8th day of the experiment, there is a significant increase in demineralization indicators. By the 21st day, the peak of demineralization is reached with partial dissolution of the enamel, an increase in the fluorescence effect to 80 UE, and reaches a maximum of 4 points on the evaluation scale. Dentin's hard tissues are demineralized gradually without "sudden jumps" in the fluorescence effect and at the same rate throughout the experiment, reaching a maximum on 31 days (30 UE - LIF). Dentin demineralization is characterized by less dissolution, however, the phenomenon of delamination is determined by the type of exfoliation of the organic dentin matrix, starting from the 21st day of the experiment. CONCLUSION: Enamel and dentin of deciduous teeth demineralize at different rates and have a characteristic specificity of morphological changes. Logistic regression analysis showed the consistency of the classifier for the predictive accuracy of each unit of the proposed scale for assessing the degree of demineralization of temporary teeth samples.

[Assessment of changes in the parameters of the quality of life of children aged 14-15 years with chronic catarrhal gingivitis after a complex of therapeutic and preventive measures]. / Otsenka izmenenii parametrov kachestva zhizni detei 14­15 let s khronicheskim kataral'nym gingivitom posle realizatsii kompleksa lechebno-profilakticheskikh meropriyatii.

THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: To assess changes in the parameters of the quality of life of children aged 14-15 years with chronic catarrhal gingivitis after the implementation of a complex of therapeutic and preventive measures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study involved 2 groups of children aged 14-15 years: group 1 - 60 children with chronic catarrhal gingivitis, group 2 - 60 children without signs of periodontal tissue damage. In 1 group of children, a complex of therapeutic and preventive measures was carried out for a month. A CPQ questionnaire was used to assess the quality of life of children. The survey of children of group 1 was conducted before and 1 month after the complex of therapeutic and preventive measures. Children of group 2 were interviewed once at the initial examination. RESULTS: The worst indicators of quality of life were revealed in children aged 14-15 years with chronic catarrhal gingivitis compared with a group of healthy children. The most pronounced effect of periodontal diseases was noted on the sections of the questionnaire devoted to physical discomfort in the oral cavity, functional disorders, and emotional well-being. After carrying out a complex of therapeutic and preventive measures for 1 month, there was an improvement in the quality of life in general and its individual components. At the same time, the scores of answers to most of the questionnaire questions decreased to the level of indicators in healthy children.

[Periodontal status evaluation in adolescents with hereditary rickets-like diseases]. / Otsenka sostoyaniya tkanei parodonta u podrostkov s nasledstvennymi rakhitopodobnymi zabolevaniyami.

BACKGROUND: Hypophosphatemic rickets (HPPR) and hypophosphatasia (HPP) are hereditary pathologies accompanied by phosphorus metabolism problems and rickets deformities of the skeleton. Periodontal diseases, their diagnostic methods and factors affecting the progress of periodontal tissue damage are the least studied among the dental manifestations of HPPR and HPP. OBJECTIVE: The aim of present cohort study was evaluation of periodontal tissue status in adolescents with HPPR and HPP. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A dental examination of 20 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years with genetically and biochemically confirmed hereditary rickets-like diseases (E83.3 Disorders of phosphorus metabolism and phosphatases: hypophosphatemic rickets (HPPR) and hypophosphatasia (HPP)) was performed at the Pediatric Dentistry Department of Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry. In the present study clinical examination and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) data of patients were analyzed. RESULTS: According to the clinical examination data, a strong direct correlation was found between patient's age and the periodontal diseases severity (correlation coefficient r=0.87) in the study group. CBCT revealed the significant alveolar bone hypomineralization in adolescents with HPPR and HPP in comparison to control group (p<0.05). According to the measurement results obtained a strong inverse correlation between alveolar bone mineral density and alveolar bone reduction (correlation coefficient r= -0.74) in adolescents with hereditary rickets-like diseases was revealed. CONCLUSION: The diagnostic options of CBCT allow to begin comprehensive dental treatment of patients with HPPR and HPP at an early stage of periodontal disease preventing further development of pathology.

[Comparative characteristics of root formation and mineralization features in the permanent teeth according to cone beam computed tomography data]. / Sravnitel'naya kharakteristika osobennostei formirovaniya kornei i ikh mineralizatsii v postoyannykh zubakh po dannym konusno-luchevoi komp'yuternoi tomografii.

AIM: Studying features of root formation and mineralization in permanent teeth of children and adults. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The root formation features were studied in 2800 children's permanent teeth aged 6-15 in Moscow and Moscow region; cone beam computed tomography was performed according to the orthodontic indications. CBCT method was also used to study the apical foramen diameter, width of the permanent teeth periodontal fissure, perform clinical examination and treatment of youngsters and young people (aged 12-25, n=180) with pulpitis (K04.03), apical periodontitis (K04.5) and uncompleted processes of hard tissues mineralization and hard tissues with different degrees of maturation; as well as groups of adults (aged 30-50, n=170) with pulpitis (K04.03) and apical periodontitis (K04.5) in permanent teeth with completed processes of hard tissues mineralization. RESULTS: CBCT is objective for visualizing teeth of both jaws which allows determining root formation stages in children's permanent teeth and high precision during one examination visit. Teeth Youngster's and young peopl's teeth have expressed anatomical and structural features during 5-6 years after root formation completion: apical foramen diameter of 0.71±0.004 mm, periodontal fissure width of 1.01±0.004 mm, hard tissues density in apical part of root is 12282.71 units HU, which is different from analogous readings in people over 25 where they make 0.61±0.004 mm (p<0.05); 0.71±0.003 mm (p<0.05); 1428.6±0.89 units HU (p<0.05) respectively. CONCLUSION: CBCT is a useful tool for visualization of dental roots allowing precise definition of root developmental stage in permanent teeth in children by one diagnostic imaging procedure.

[Oral markers of histiocytosis-x from Langerhans cells in a 13-year-old child]. / Stomatologicheskie markery gistiotsitoza Kh iz kletok Langergansa u rebenka 13 let.

Langerhanscell histiocytosis is an orphan disease based on clonal proliferation of pathologic histocytes and specific infiltrates in various organs and tissues. In case of localization of pathologic foci in the sponge substances of the flat bones of the lower jaw the disease brings on morphological changes and neurological symptoms typical of dental pulp diseases. Early diagnosis of latent neoplastic processes in the TMJ area in children in the clinic allows us to minimize the volume of surgery and start the treatment of the main disease in time that improves a child's quality of life.

[Longitudinal study of the primary prevention effect on dental caries]. / Otdalennyi effekt pervichnoi profilaktiki kariesa zubov.

AIM: Assessment of the dental caries prevalence among 12-year-old children in Belarus and Russia and evaluation a possible effect of the primary prevention programs on oral health in adult population. METHODS: Meta-analysis of the world dental literature and study of the descriptive epidemiology data on the prevalence of dental caries among key age groups of children, adolescents and adults using earlier study data carried in Minsk and Moscow and within the intercountry scientific project using the EGOHID system in 2013-2017 yrs. RESULTS: Analysis of the epidemiology data on the DMFT of 12-year-old children in the last 40-50 years suggested a trend of the reduction of dental caries prevalence in Belarus and Russia by 10-15%. An effect of the long-term preventive programs on dental caries in adults and elderlies was dubious. CONCLUSION: The evident success in primary prevention of dental caries in children might improve oral health in adolescents and adult people, however, it had no, or minimal effects on the oral health of elderlies.

[Ways of solving the problem of dentin hypersensitivity in children after professional oral hygiene]. / Puti resheniya problemy povyshennoi chuvstvitel'nosti zubov u detei posle professional'noi gigieny rta.

AIM: To design an algorithm of decreasing dentin hypersensitivity in children after professional oral hygiene. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Intact teeth extracted for orthodontic reasons in children and adults were involved in the pilot study. The enamel surface was cleaned by manual instruments and then polished with polishing pastes containing sodium bicarbonate, fluoride, calcium and phosphates. The results were studied with the help of a scanning electronic microscope. 60 14-15 years schoolchildren, the residents of Krasnogorsk, a town in the Moscow region, took part in the study. All of them were diagnosed dental plaque (K03.6) and underwent professional oral hygiene by manual instruments. Then the teeth were polished with polishing toothpastes. To reduce dentin hypersensitivity after these procedures the SENSODYNE Rapid Relief toothpaste was applied. RESULTS: The pilot study showed a destructive effect of a manual instrument on the tooth enamel especially in children. The data of the scanning electronic microscope demonstrated that the manual method with the use of polishing pastes containing sodium bicarbonate, fluoride, calcium and phosphates led to a significantly lower negative effect of this manual method on the tooth enamel both in children and adults. The application of SENSODYNE Rapid Relief by children at home after professional oral hygiene led to a decrease of dentin hypersensitivity by 65, 37%. CONCLUSION: The designed algorithm of the children's follow-up procedures after professional oral hygiene includes the application of polishing pastes containing sodium bicarbonate, fluoride, calcium, phosphates and the Sensodyne Rapid Relief toothpaste at home. This helps to minimize negative consequences of manual tooth plaque removal in case of professional oral hygiene.

[Assessment of caries risk factors among school-age children by comparing EGOHID scores in Minsk and Moscow]. / Vyiavlenie faktorov riska kariesa zubov na osnove sravneniia indikatorov stomatologicheskogo zdorov'ia u detei shkol'nogo vozrasta v Minske i Moskve.

The aim of the study was to assess the acceptability of the objective and subjective indicators for identification of oral diseases risk factors and the quality of dental care of school-aged children. The study included 200 school children of two age groups (12 and 15-year-old) surveyed in Minsk and Moscow cities using European global system of oral health indicators development (EGOHID). The modified WHO questionnaire was used to study behavioral habits of 15-year-old children. There were significant variations in the most indicators studied in different localities. An average DMFT of permanent teeth varied from 3.1 to 4.7 in 12-year-olds and from 5.5 to 6.5 in 15-year-olds. The prevalence of periodontal disease has reached 42%. The complex of objective and subjective evaluation of the teeth and gums status made it possible to reveal a number of risk factors. The majority of EGOHID indicators had shown satisfactory acceptability and specificity in assessing the risk factors and preliminary evaluation of a quality of dental care for school children. The EGOHID system is recommended for monitoring the preventive programs.