Hemodialysis requirement after the first dose of durvalumab following chemoradiation therapy: a case report.

Durvalumab is the first immune check point inhibitor that was approved for use following concurrent platinum-based chemoradiation, in patients with unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer. The new treatment regimen of durvalumab administered after chemoradiation resulted in higher response rates and required careful immune-related adverse effects management. We experienced a rare case of severe acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring hemodialysis after only the first dose of durvalumab, in a patient who was diagnosed with immune-related AKI by renal biopsy. Although severe (Grade 3 or more) immune-related AKI occurred in 0.9% of patients treated with durvalumab, some drugs and radiation may increase immune-related AKI. Further research is needed to identify the clinical characteristics of patients who tend to develop severe AKI so as to prevent it, by reviewing such rare cases as ours.

Biopsy-proven first dose of oxaliplatin-induced acute tubular necrosis leading to end-stage renal failure: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Oxaliplatin is an anticancer therapy for pancreatic, gastric, and colorectal cancers. It is also used in patients with carcinomas of unknown primary sites. Oxaliplatin is associated with less frequent renal dysfunction than other conventional platinum-based drugs such as cisplatin. Albeit, there have been several reports of acute kidney injury with frequent use. In all cases, renal dysfunction was temporary and did not require maintenance dialysis. There have been no previous reports of irreversible renal dysfunction after a single dose of oxaliplatin. CASE PRESENTATION: Previous reports of oxaliplatin-induced renal injury occurred after patients received multiples doses. In this study, a 75-year-old male with unknown primary cancer and underlying chronic kidney disease developed acute renal failure after receiving the first dose of oxaliplatin. Suspected of having drug-induced renal failure through an immunological mechanism, the patient was treated with steroids; however, treatment was ineffective. Renal biopsy ruled out interstitial nephritis and revealed acute tubular necrosis. Renal failure was irreversible, and the patient subsequently required maintenance hemodialysis. CONCLUSIONS: We provide the first report of pathology-confirmed acute tubular necrosis after the first dose of oxaliplatin which led to irreversible renal dysfunction and maintenance dialysis.

Renal Biopsy Diagnosis of Acute Tubular Injury after Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccination: A Case Report.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a severe respiratory infection that can be fatal in unvaccinated individuals; however, acute kidney injury (AKI) is a rare adverse reaction to COVID-19 vaccination. AKI resulting from multiple conditions can have severe consequences, including end-stage renal failure, if not treated with immunosuppressive agents. However, acute tubular injury (ATI) as the sole cause of AKI has not been previously reported. Herein, we discuss an obese 54-year-old man with type 2 diabetes who received four COVID-19 vaccines; three from Pfizer and one from Moderna. Diabetic retinopathy, urinary protein, and occult blood were absent with no other underlying diseases. There was no history of COVID-19 infection. He was referred to our hospital 5 days after receiving the fourth Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine dose with stage 3 AKI. Urinary findings revealed new proteinuria and glomerular occult blood. Physical examination and infection testing were unremarkable. Steroids were introduced on admission for rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. A renal biopsy performed on Day 2 revealed only ATI. Therefore, steroids were discontinued on Day 5, after which renal function recovered spontaneously, and urinalysis abnormalities disappeared. Renal function remained normal during follow-up. We report a case of AKI with severe renal dysfunction after COVID-19 vaccination, wherein renal biopsy effectively determined the disease status (ATI), which did not require immunosuppressive treatment.