[Genetics of anapheline populations. III. Electrophoretic analysis of Anopheles aquasalis (Diptera: Culicidae) (author's transl)]. / Genética de populações de anofelinos. III. Análise eletroforética de Anopheles aquasalis (Diptera: Culicidae).

Genetic variation at 26 loci in a natural population of Anopheles aquasalis has been studied by zymogram technique. Average proportion of polymorphic loci is 23% (criterion I) and 34% (criterion II). On the average 8.1% of the genome is in heterozygous condition in each individual. The degree of genetic variability varies from locus to locus. Some enzymes such as AO, alpha-GPDH, 3 loci of HK, 3 loci of LAP, 3 loci of MDH, GOT, 3 loci of ODH and one locus of EST (EST-4), are monomorphic. Of the rest, proportion of heterozygosity varies from the minimum of 0.041 at Xdh-2 to a maximum of 0.493 at Est-2. Similarly, except for the loci Est-2 and Est-3, proportion of heterozygote individuals is extremely low. A. aquasalis has a higher genetic identity with A. evansae (I = 0.625) than with A. argyritarsis (I = 0.543). There seems to be direct correlation between the genetic variability of a species and its capacity to explore diverse ecological nitches.

X-ray induced pericentric inversions in Anopheles albimanus.

Sixteen different pericentric inversions, ten on chromosome 2 and six on chromosome 3, have been isolated and characterized. The partial sterility in the inversion heterozygotes ranged from about 28 to 50%. Contrary to theoretical considerations, a curvilinear relationship exists between inversion length and partial sterility, whereby a reduction in sterility was noted for progressively longer inversions. The break-points are distributed randomly over the autosomes, but are observed more frequently in the areas of the salivary gland chromosomes where diffuse and broken bands of variable stainability are located.

The genetics of black larva, an autosomal recessive lethal mutation located on chromosome 3 in the mosquito Anopheles albimanus.

A spontaneous autosomal recessive lethal mutation, black larva (bl), producing black pigmented larvae that die during the 4th larval instar has been discovered in the mosquito Anopheles albimanus Wiedemann. Genetic investigations using two Y-autosome translocations and a 3rd chromosome dominant marker, St indicate that bl is located on chromosome 3 at a distance of 15 map units from St.

Studies on x-ray induced chromosomal translocations in Anopheles albimanus. III. Effect of the release of translocation males on the dynamics of cage populations.

Anopheles albimanus males carrying an Y-autosome translocation were continuously released into a cage population at a ratio of 1:5 in favor of translocation males. The release caused a significant decrease in the absolute density of cage populations. Virtually complete replacement of wild type Y chromosome by translocated Y chromosome was observed after four generations. The results obtained from the cage experiments encourage actual field trials for the control of this vector species.

Chromosomal differences in populations of Anopheles nuneztovari.

Anopheles nuneztovari from 3 localities in Brazil, 2 in Venezuela, and 1 in Colombia were subjected to chromosome analysis. The Venezuelan and Colombian populations, responsible for malaria transmission in certain areas of these countries, differ in an X-chromosome arrangement from the Brazilian specimens, the difference apparently being due to the fixation of an inversion in the homozygous state in one population. It was possible to identify 216 specimens from Venezuela and Colombia and 190 from Brazil by the X-chromosome. A. nuneztovari and its close relatives may be easily distinguished in this way. Diagnostic descriptions of the chromosomes and a standard map, based on the Brazilian population, are provided.