RESUMO
Alloys used in dentistry should not compromise the health of patients and of dental personal. All aspects of biocompatibility, such as corrosion, toxicity and allergic sensitization should be considered when base metal alloys or low gold alloys are used. In regard to health legislation, alloys should considered to be 'drugs'. Hazardous alloys should not be recommended, if the primary concern is cost. However, there is no or only little evidence to show, that either of the alloy systems used would rise health risks, exempting the beryllium containing alloys. They should not be used any longer. Probably, dental technicians are endangered by beryllium more than patients are. Some of the Ni-Cr-alloys were shown to corrode. There is less evidence of allergic senzitization caused by nickelcontaining dental alloys, than suspected first.
Assuntos
Ligas de Cromo , Ligas Dentárias , Berílio/toxicidade , Materiais Biocompatíveis , Ligas de Cromo/toxicidade , Corrosão , Ligas Dentárias/toxicidade , Humanos , Níquel/toxicidadeRESUMO
Dental materials which are supposed to contact the oral, mucous membranes during their intended dental use may affect our patients health in different ways. Their local and systemic toxicity, and their allergenic and tumorigenic potential are reviewed and methods of biocompatibility testing discussed. Special emphasis is placed on impression materials, denture base resins and dental alloys.
Assuntos
Materiais Biocompatíveis , Materiais Dentários/efeitos adversos , Mucosa Bucal , Carcinógenos , Ligas Dentárias/efeitos adversos , Materiais para Moldagem Odontológica/efeitos adversos , Bases de Dentadura , Humanos , HipersensibilidadeRESUMO
It is mandatory that the materials and drugs used in restorative dentistry be free from side effects resulting in potential tooth loss or irreversible damage to vital dental tissues. Up to now there have been no reliable in vitro methods available for the evaluation of pulp reactions. Since numerous different materials and drugs are successively applied to prepared dentine, pulp reactions are caused by cumulative action, and the causative factors, except for extremely toxic substances, cannot be revealed by clinical and/or posttreatment studies alone. At present, the evaluation of pulp reactions must still rely on histologic studies using human or animal teeth. Reports on pulp reactions to materials and drugs are reviewed. Few dependable figures have been reported on pulp reactions to dentinal medication, "sterilization", disinfectants and on the biologic response to and effectiveness of varnishes, liners, desensitizing agents, smear-layer removers, etc. Resins and composite materials seem to provoke acute reactions, mainly by the heat generated during setting, and chronic reactions due to the stimulation of bacterial growth. Except for glass ionomer cements, most of the publications show a high degree of agreement on the tissue reactions to luting agents. Regarding dentine bonding agents, however, it has not been possible to draw any conclusions, so far.
Assuntos
Materiais Biocompatíveis , Materiais Dentários/efeitos adversos , Polpa Dentária/efeitos dos fármacos , Resinas Compostas/efeitos adversos , Forramento da Cavidade Dentária/efeitos adversos , Cimentos Dentários/efeitos adversos , Dentina/efeitos dos fármacos , Desinfetantes/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Resinas Sintéticas/efeitos adversosAssuntos
Fígado/enzimologia , Oxigenases de Função Mista/metabolismo , Paládio/toxicidade , Administração Oral , Animais , Sistema Enzimático do Citocromo P-450/metabolismo , Técnicas In Vitro , Injeções Intraperitoneais , Dose Letal Mediana , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/ultraestrutura , Masculino , Camundongos , Microssomos Hepáticos/efeitos dos fármacos , Microssomos Hepáticos/enzimologia , Paládio/administração & dosagem , Paládio/metabolismo , Frações Subcelulares/efeitos dos fármacos , Frações Subcelulares/metabolismoAssuntos
Carcinógenos , Xantinas/farmacologia , Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Xantinas/síntese químicaAssuntos
Materiais Dentários/efeitos adversos , Materiais Dentários/toxicidade , Mucosa Bucal/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Bochecha/efeitos dos fármacos , Cimentos Dentários/efeitos adversos , Placa Dentária/etiologia , Gengiva/efeitos dos fármacos , Palato/efeitos dos fármacos , Projetos de PesquisaRESUMO
The pulp tolerance of the composites "Estic" (Kulzer) and "Compocap" (Vivadent) and the polyacrylatecement "Bondal" (Vivadent) was tested in a total of 97 cervical cavities in rhesus monkeys. "Bondal" was well tolerated by the pulp. Both composites when used without cement base provoked slight to moderate reactions. This could be avoided by using "Bondal" cement bases.