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1.
Gut Microbes ; 14(1): 2143217, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36398862

RESUMO

The composition of the gut microbiota in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), and the ability of this microbial community to influence the host, remains uncertain. To achieve a broader understanding of the role of the intestinal microbiota in patients with AN, we collected fecal samples before and following clinical treatment at two geographically distinct eating disorder units (Center of Excellence for Eating Disorders [UNC-CH] and ACUTE Center for Eating Disorders [Denver Health]). Gut microbiotas were characterized in patients with AN, before and after inpatient treatment, and in non-eating disorder (non-ED) controls using shotgun metagenomic sequencing. The impact of inpatient treatment on the AN gut microbiota was remarkably consistent between eating disorder units. Although weight in patients with AN showed improvements, AN microbiotas post-treatment remained distinct from non-ED controls. Additionally, AN gut microbiotas prior to treatment exhibited more fermentation pathways and a lower ability to degrade carbohydrates than non-ED controls. As the intestinal microbiota can influence nutrient metabolism, our data highlight the complex microbial communities in patients with AN as an element needing further attention post inpatient treatment. Additionally, this study defines the effects of renourishment on the AN gut microbiota and serves as a platform to develop precision nutrition approaches to potentially mitigate impediments to recovery.


Assuntos
Anorexia Nervosa , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Microbiota , Humanos , Anorexia Nervosa/terapia , Pacientes Internados , Fezes
3.
Eur Eat Disord Rev ; 25(5): 423-427, 2017 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28586130

RESUMO

Anorexia nervosa, a severe psychiatric illness, is associated with an intestinal microbial dysbiosis. Individual microbial signatures dominate in healthy samples, even over time and under controlled conditions, but whether microbial markers of the disorder overcome inter-individual variation during the acute stage of illness or renourishment is unknown. We characterized daily changes in the intestinal microbiota in three acutely ill patients with anorexia nervosa over the entire course of hospital-based renourishment and found significant, patient-specific changes in microbial composition and diversity. This preliminary case series suggests that even in a state of pathology, individual microbial signatures persist in accounting for the majority of intestinal microbial variation. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.


Assuntos
Anorexia Nervosa/microbiologia , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Adolescente , Adulto , Anorexia Nervosa/diagnóstico , Anorexia Nervosa/terapia , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem
4.
PLoS One ; 12(1): e0170208, 2017.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28103291

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: This study examined associations between the composition and diversity of the intestinal microbiota and measures of depression, anxiety, eating disorder psychopathology, stress, and personality in a group of healthy adult females. METHODS: Female participants (n = 91) ages 19-50 years with BMI 18.5-25 kg/m2 were recruited from central North Carolina between July 2014 and March 2015. Participants provided a single fecal sample and completed an online psychiatric questionnaire that included five measures: (i) Beck Anxiety Inventory; (ii) Beck Depression Inventory-II; (iii) Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire; (iv) Perceived Stress Scale; and (v) Mini International Personality Item Pool. Bacterial composition and diversity were characterized by Illumina sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, and associations were examined using Kendall's tau-b correlation coefficient, in conjunction with Benjamini and Hochberg's False Discovery Rate procedure. RESULTS: We found no significant associations between microbial markers of gut composition and diversity and scores on psychiatric measures of anxiety, depression, eating-related thoughts and behaviors, stress, or personality in a large cohort of healthy adult females. DISCUSSION: This study was the first specifically to examine associations between the intestinal microbiota and psychiatric measures in healthy females, and based on 16S rRNA taxonomic abundances and diversity measures, our results do not suggest a strong role for the enteric microbe-gut-brain axis in normal variation on responses to psychiatric measures in this population. However, the role of the intestinal microbiota in the pathophysiology of psychiatric illness may be limited to more severe psychopathology.


Assuntos
Microbioma Gastrointestinal/fisiologia , Transtornos Mentais/microbiologia , Adulto , Ansiedade/microbiologia , Biodiversidade , Estudos de Coortes , Depressão/microbiologia , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/microbiologia , Feminino , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/genética , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , North Carolina , Personalidade , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Estresse Psicológico/microbiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto Jovem
5.
Curr Opin Psychiatry ; 29(6): 383-8, 2016 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27532941

RESUMO

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: We capture recent findings in the field of genetic epidemiology of eating disorders. As analytic techniques evolve for twin, population, and molecular genetic studies, new findings emerge at an accelerated pace. We present the current status of knowledge regarding the role of genetic and environmental factors that influence risk for eating disorders. RECENT FINDINGS: We focus on novel findings from twin studies, population studies using genetically informative designs, and molecular genetic studies. Over the past 2 years, research in this area has yielded insights into: comorbidity with other psychiatric and medical disorders and with metabolic traits; developmental factors associated with the emergence of eating disorders; and the molecular genetics of anorexia nervosa. SUMMARY: Insights from genetic epidemiology provide an important explanatory model for patients with eating disorders, family members, and clinicians. Understanding core biological determinants that explain the severity and persistence of the illnesses, their frequent co-occurrence with other conditions, and their familial patterns raises awareness and increases compassion for individuals living with these disorders. Large-scale genomic studies are currently underway. Ultimately, this domain of research may pave the way to greater understanding of the underlying neurobiology and inform the development of novel and effective interventions.


Assuntos
Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/epidemiologia , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/genética , Humanos
6.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27003627

RESUMO

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is characterized by severe dietary restriction or other weight loss behaviors and exhibits the highest mortality rate of any psychiatric disorder. Therapeutic renourishment in AN is founded primarily on clinical opinion and guidelines, with a weak evidence base. Genetic factors do not fully account for the etiology of AN, and non-genetic factors that contribute to the onset and persistence of this disease warrant investigation. Compelling evidence that the intestinal microbiota regulates adiposity and metabolism, and more recently, anxiety behavior, provides a strong rationale for exploring the role of this complex microbial community in the onset, maintenance of, and recovery from AN. This review explores the relationship between the intestinal microbiota and AN and a potential role for this enteric microbial community as a therapy for this severe illness.


Assuntos
Anorexia Nervosa/microbiologia , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Intestinos/microbiologia , Adiposidade , Animais , Anorexia Nervosa/fisiopatologia , Anorexia Nervosa/psicologia , Restrição Calórica , Metabolismo Energético , Comportamento Alimentar , Humanos , Estado Nutricional , Redução de Peso
7.
Psychosom Med ; 77(9): 969-81, 2015.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26428446

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The relevance of the microbe-gut-brain axis to psychopathology is of interest in anorexia nervosa (AN), as the intestinal microbiota plays a critical role in metabolic function and weight regulation. METHODS: We characterized the composition and diversity of the intestinal microbiota in AN, using stool samples collected at inpatient admission (T1; n = 16) and discharge (T2; n = 10). At T1, participants completed the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories and the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire. Patients with AN were compared with healthy individuals who participated in a previous study (healthy comparison group; HCG). Genomic DNA was isolated from stool samples, and bacterial composition was characterized by 454 pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Sequencing results were processed by the Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology pipeline. We compared T1 versus T2 samples, samples from both points were compared with HCG (n = 12), and associations between psychopathology and T1 samples were explored. RESULTS: In patients with AN, significant changes emerged between T1 and T2 in taxa abundance and beta (between-sample) diversity. Patients with AN had significantly lower alpha (within-sample) diversity than did HCG at both T1 (p = .0001) and T2 (p = .016), and differences in taxa abundance were found between AN patients and HCG. Levels of depression, anxiety, and eating disorder psychopathology at T1 were associated with composition and diversity of the intestinal microbiota. CONCLUSIONS: We provide evidence of an intestinal dysbiosis in AN and an association between mood and the enteric microbiota in this patient population. Future directions include mechanistic investigations of the microbe-gut-brain axis in animal models and association of microbial measures with metabolic changes and recovery indices.


Assuntos
Anorexia Nervosa/microbiologia , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/fisiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Afeto , Anorexia Nervosa/psicologia , Anorexia Nervosa/terapia , Ansiedade/microbiologia , Bacteroidetes/isolamento & purificação , Composição Corporal , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Convalescença , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Depressão/microbiologia , Fezes/microbiologia , Comportamento Alimentar , Feminino , Firmicutes/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Lactobacillus/isolamento & purificação , Methanobrevibacter/isolamento & purificação , Ribotipagem , Ruminococcus/isolamento & purificação , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto Jovem
8.
Eur Eat Disord Rev ; 23(6): 496-503, 2015 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26426680

RESUMO

With nearly 39% of the worldwide adult population classified as obese, much of the globe is facing a serious public health challenge. Increasing rates of obesity, coupled with the failure of many behavioural and pharmacological interventions, have contributed to a rise in popularity of bariatric surgery as a treatment for obesity. Surgery-mediated weight loss was initially thought to be a direct result of mechanical alterations causing restriction and calorie malabsorption. However, the mounting evidence suggests that indirect factors influence the accumulation and storage of fat in patients that have undergone this procedure. Given the established impact the intestinal microbiota has on adiposity, it is likely that this complex enteric microbial community contributes to surgery-mediated weight loss and maintenance of weight loss postsurgery. In this review, we discuss the physiological and psychological traits exhibited by bariatric surgery candidates that can be influenced by the intestinal microbiota. Additionally, we detail the studies that investigated the impact of bariatric surgery on the intestinal microbiota in humans and mouse models of this procedure.


Assuntos
Cirurgia Bariátrica , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/fisiologia , Obesidade/cirurgia , Redução de Peso/fisiologia , Animais , Cirurgia Bariátrica/psicologia , Humanos , Camundongos , Modelos Animais , Resultado do Tratamento
10.
Eur Eat Disord Rev ; 23(1): 68-76, 2015 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25407415

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: China is undergoing dramatic Westernization, hence may be able to provide unique insights into the role of sociocultural factors in disease. The purpose of this exploratory study was two-fold: to describe the prevalence of screening-detected eating disorders and disordered eating in China at the first occasion of assessment in the large-scale China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) and to explore the associations between dietary practices and disordered eating. Regarding the first objective, participants are provincially representative and in subsequent waves will be followed longitudinally. METHOD: CHNS participants were recruited using multistage, cluster random sampling, beginning in 1989. In this study, participants comprised 259 female adolescents (12-17 years) and 979 women (18-35 years) who participated in the CHNS 2009 survey, which is the first CHNS survey to assess disordered eating. Dietary practice-disordered eating associations were investigated with logistic regression adjusting for age, body mass index, and urbanization. RESULTS: Of the participants, 6.3% (95% CI: 4.8, 8.2) of adults and 7.8% (95% CI: 5.0, 12.0) of adolescents had a screening-detected eating disorder. Dietary practices had non-significant associations with disordered eating at the general population level, except for protein consumption among women. There was evidence that skipping meals and a high-fat diet may confer risk. DISCUSSION: Screening-detected eating disorders in China are lower in prevalence than in developed countries. Dietary practices had fairly limited associations with disordered eating at the general population level; protein consumption, skipping meals, and a high-fat diet are candidate dietary practice exposures for disordered eating. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.


Assuntos
Povo Asiático/estatística & dados numéricos , Dieta/etnologia , Comportamento Alimentar/etnologia , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Povo Asiático/psicologia , Composição Corporal , Índice de Massa Corporal , Criança , China/epidemiologia , Características Culturais , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/diagnóstico , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/psicologia , Feminino , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Estudos Longitudinais , Programas de Rastreamento , Estado Nutricional , Prevalência
11.
Int J Eat Disord ; 48(6): 663-9, 2015 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25346164

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: China has historically reported a low prevalence of eating disorders. However, the rapid social and economic development of this country as well as Western ideals widely disseminated by television and the Internet have led to distinct patterns of behavioral choices that could affect eating disorder risk. Thus, the current study explored the relation between disordered eating and media use. METHOD: Participants were females from the 2009 wave of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (N = 1,053). Descriptive statistics were obtained and logistic regression models, stratified by age (adolescents ages 12-17 years and adults ages 18-35 years), were used to evaluate the association of media use with disordered eating. RESULTS: In adolescents, 46.8% had access to the Internet and those with access averaged one hour per day each of Internet and television use. In adults, 41.4% had access to the Internet, and those with access averaged 1 h per day of Internet use and 2 h per day of television use. Internet access was significantly associated with a subjective belief of fatness (OR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.6, 4.9) and worry over losing control over eating (OR = 4.8, 95% CI: 2.3, 9.8) only in adults. DISCUSSION: These findings help characterize the overall pattern of media use and report of eating disorder symptoms in a large sample of female Chinese adolescents and adults. That Internet access in adults was significantly associated with disordered eating cognitions might suggest that media access negatively influences these domains; however, more granular investigations are warranted.


Assuntos
Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/psicologia , Internet/ética , Mídias Sociais/ética , Televisão/ética , Adolescente , Adulto , Povo Asiático , Criança , China , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Fatores de Risco , Adulto Jovem
13.
Medsurg Nurs ; 18(1): 33-7, 2009.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19331298

RESUMO

The purpose of this article is to explore concepts of thinking and learning in a Heideggerian sense. It inquires into a theoretical and practical conceptualization, explores possibilities for participation in thinking and learning in the nursing experience, and offers a philosophy of learning appropriate to the nursing experience.


Assuntos
Educação em Enfermagem/história , Existencialismo/história , Modelos Educacionais , Modelos de Enfermagem , Filosofia em Enfermagem/história , Pensamento , História do Século XX , Humanos , Aprendizagem , Papel do Profissional de Enfermagem/história , Pós-Modernismo/história , Ensino/história
14.
Nurs Econ ; 25(3): 157-61, 2007.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17802998

RESUMO

While technology and health care delivery are inextricably and increasingly intertwined and technology has driven major advances in quality and efficiency in health care, technology does not replace the need for a thinking human being in care delivery. The term "technicity" refers to the tension created by the ability of humans to think versus their risk of being exploited as objects subservient to technologies. Drawing upon the philosophical works of Thoreau, Heidegger, and others, the authors pause on the conundrum created by expanding technology with the assumption that technological "improvements" should be evaluated with caution. Health care information systems are an example of tools that have improved our ability to collect and store information, but when systems "go down," staff can be rendered helpless. Similarly, technology can impose personal distance between the patient and provider in instances where staff are positioned as a mechanism for collecting data rather than a person interacting with another person. In some cases, health care providers function as navigators helping patients reach the correct pharmaceutical, rather than as teachers helping patients seek better health. Lastly, the tendency toward systems analysis in the context of the complex hospital environment leads solely toward uniform solutions rather than instances where a customized solution is warranted.


Assuntos
Tecnologia Biomédica , Processo de Enfermagem , Pensamento , Humanos , Informática Médica , Relações Enfermeiro-Paciente , Preparações Farmacêuticas , Filosofia em Enfermagem , Análise de Sistemas
15.
Nurs Educ Perspect ; 28(4): 209-13, 2007.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17715806

RESUMO

This article describes a teaching strategy that focuses students' attention on the humanistic imperative in nursing practice. The Humanistic Teaching Method provides a framework for adapting nursing courses to accommodate person-to-person, human-centered nursing care alongside scientific and technological competencies. Through this approach, students integrate concepts such as humanism, existentialism, and phenomenology into patient interactions. In addition to producing a favorable effect on patients and colleagues, this approach contributes to personal gratification in making a difference in the lives of others. Pedagogical strategies currently in use may need to be modified to accommodate the humanistic conceptual framework.


Assuntos
Bacharelado em Enfermagem/organização & administração , Humanismo , Filosofia em Enfermagem , Altruísmo , Currículo , Empatia , Existencialismo , Humanos , Modelos Educacionais , Modelos de Enfermagem , Cidade de Nova Iorque , Papel do Profissional de Enfermagem/psicologia , Relações Enfermeiro-Paciente , Pesquisa em Educação em Enfermagem , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Defesa do Paciente , Assistência Centrada no Paciente/organização & administração , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Estudantes de Enfermagem/psicologia , Ensino/organização & administração , Pensamento
16.
J Cult Divers ; 13(2): 83-6, 2006.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16856695

RESUMO

The purpose of this article is to illuminate modes of inquiry that unconceal cultural aspects of the meaningful life-world of individuals. To present strategies for acquiring cultural awareness, sensitivity, and competence based on insights gained from these modes of inquiry. Nurses can acquire and implement culturally competent patient care by inquiring into individual's personal interpretations of their life's world experiences rather than relying on catalogs of cultural attributes or by adhering to popularly held opinions. By following the procedures for augmenting culturally competent nursing outlined in this article nurses reported being able to provide a more culturally competent, higher quality of patient care.


Assuntos
Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde/etnologia , Atitude Frente a Saúde/etnologia , Competência Clínica , Diversidade Cultural , Relações Enfermeiro-Paciente , Enfermagem Transcultural/educação , Conscientização , Comunicação , Bacharelado em Enfermagem/métodos , Educação de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem/métodos , Reeducação Profissional/métodos , Feminino , Identidade de Gênero , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Papel do Profissional de Enfermagem/psicologia , Preconceito , Religião e Psicologia , Semântica , Identificação Social , Estereotipagem , Enfermagem Transcultural/organização & administração
17.
Nurs Educ Perspect ; 25(5): 249-53, 2004.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15508565

RESUMO

This article describes how the concepts of cultural awareness, cultural sensitivity, and cultural competence are integrated into the nursing curriculum at Lehman College, City University of New York. A culturally diverse student population engaged in lectures, classroom exercises, and clinical experiences in order to learn the ideas and imperatives of cultural diversity in nursing care. The exercises were problem-based learning experiences guided by a university-developed model for teaching students to understand cultural diversity. The model is derived from Leininger's comparative cultural caring model and Paterson and Zderad's humanistic nursing model. By observing differences and similarities among diverse cultures, students learned that the assignment of cultural attributes is an inexact process and should be organized as hints rather than as certainties. Students also learned the importance of integrating cultural awareness, cultural sensitivity, and cultural competence into their nursing care.


Assuntos
Diversidade Cultural , Educação em Enfermagem , Relações Enfermeiro-Paciente , Ensino/métodos , Humanos , Modelos Educacionais , Cidade de Nova Iorque
18.
J Am Acad Nurse Pract ; 16(6): 263-9, 2004 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15264613

RESUMO

PURPOSE: To illuminate the nature of the lived experiences of nurse practitioners (NPs) interacting with patients, to discover the essential meanings of those lived experiences, and to articulate a structure gleaned from the essential meanings. DATA SOURCES: Six NPs provided concrete descriptions of their experiences interacting with patients. Data were collected and analyzed using a descriptive, phenomenological method of inquiry. CONCLUSIONS: The data revealed eight essential meanings for interacting with patients: openness, connection, concern, respect, reciprocity, competence, time, and professional identity. The nature of NPs' lived experiences interacting with patients is an authentic attending to health-related concerns, originating and enduring within the context of an intersubjective relationship. Through the dialogues that evolve within the context of intersubjective relationships, both NPs and patients become more as persons, amenable to understanding the meanings each has assigned to his or her life-world situations, regardless of the outcomes of any health-related interventions. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The NPs in this study valued the relationships that ensued from their interactions with patients. From these relationships they derived both personal and professional growth. Intersubjective relating is the "art of nursing" for the participants in this study.


Assuntos
Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Profissionais de Enfermagem/psicologia , Relações Enfermeiro-Paciente , Adulto , Comunicação , Empatia , Existencialismo , Feminino , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Humanos , Satisfação no Emprego , Cinésica , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Profissionais de Enfermagem/organização & administração , Papel do Profissional de Enfermagem , Pesquisa Metodológica em Enfermagem , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto , Filosofia em Enfermagem , Atenção Primária à Saúde/organização & administração , Autonomia Profissional , Competência Profissional , Autoimagem , Inquéritos e Questionários , Tato , Confiança
19.
Nurse Res ; 11(4): 7-19, 2004.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15227895

RESUMO

The increasing interest in phenomenological methods as viable tools for doing nursing research, and the many variations on a theme present in the scholarly literature, have inspired the researcher to present a current clarification of Husserl's descriptive phenomenological method of inquiry. The articulation given in this article is based on the Husserlian formulation, nuanced by Giorgi and the author for use in nursing research. Nurses, researchers, teachers and students alike may take this article as a guide to 'doing' phenomenology; to wonder and search for meanings for phenomena that present themselves to individuals in their ordinary everyday lived experiences.


Assuntos
Existencialismo , Pesquisa Metodológica em Enfermagem/métodos , Filosofia em Enfermagem , Projetos de Pesquisa , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Estado de Consciência , Coleta de Dados/métodos , Interpretação Estatística de Dados , Humanos , Conhecimento , Teoria de Enfermagem , Preconceito , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Pesquisadores/psicologia
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