THE ROLE OF MARKERS OF SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE IN PATHOGENESIS OF THROMBOTIC COMPLICATIONS IN MALIGNANCY.

Patients with malignancy have higher risk of developing venous thromboembolism. The incidence among different groups of cancer patients varies considerably depending on clinical factors, the most important being tumor entity and stage. The study was approved by the local ethics committee on human research, and written informed consent was obtained from all the study participants. After written informed consent was obtained, a precise medical history was taken, with particular attention to questions about the presence of thrombotic risk factors at the onset of VTE. We retrospectively enrolled 50 patients with Venous Thromboembolism (DVT and PTE) having malignancy and 50 healthy controls from January 2020 to December 2020. DVT were diagnosed using peripheral vascular duplex ultrasonography while PTE was confirmed in all cases by computed tomography. Patients having treatment with anticoagulant therapy, recent surgery less than 8 days previously, refusal or inability to give informed consent, and inability for ascending contrast venography or inadequate results of the venographic examination were excluded from the study. Biomarkers have been specifically investigated for their capacity of predicting venous thromboembolism (VTE) during the course of disease. The relationships between inflammation markers e.g., IL-6, IL-8 and CRP as indicators of the inflammatory process and clinical venous thromboembolism need to be investigated. We investigated IL-6, IL-8 and CRP in 50 patients with venous thromboembolism having malignancy and reported that patients having venous thromboembolism have increased levels of IL-6, IL-8 and CRP (p value < 0.05). Our study concluded that in cancer patients, inflammatory biomarkers play significant role in developing venous thromboembolism. This supports the hypothesis that, markers of systemic inflammatory response are involved in development of thromboembolism in patients with malignancy.

INFLUENCE OF PHYTOCOMPOSITIONS ON DYNAMICS OF CHANGES IN BASAL GLYCEMIA AND GLYCEMIA IN ORAL GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST IN RATS WITH STREPTOZOTOCIN-NICOTINAMIDE-INDUCED DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 2.

Diabetes mellitus is one of the global medical, social and economic problems of today.Therefore, it is important to develop a new mechanism of action with fewer side effects that can reduce glycemia and insulin resistance. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of phytocompositions on the basis of Galega officinalis L. and Galevit in the conditions of therapeutic and prophylactic use in experimental type 2 diabetes mellitus contribute to the recovery of carbohydrate metabolism.on the dynamics of changes in basal glycemia and glycemia after oral glucose tolerance test in animals under conditions of experimental streptozotocin diabetes. The composition of the maturing phytocomposition and its lipocomposite form includes dry extract Galega officinalis L. - 50.0 mg, dry extract of Vaccinium myrtillus L. leaf - 50.0 mg, taurine - 1.4 mg. Type 2 diabetes mellitus was modeled on the method of Islam S., Choi H. 50 nonlinear white rats-males body weighing 180-220 g were used for the experimental studies.All animals were randomized into 5 groups of 10 rats: 1 - control group; 2 - animals with with T2DM; 3 - animals with diabetes mellitus, which received reference drugs (Arfa combi); 4 - STZ+N and substances received phytocomposition; 5 - STZ+N and Galevit. The investigated phytocompositions were administered intragastrically once a day for 28 days, starting 24 h after induction of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Phytocompositionson the basis of Galega officinalis L. and Galevit in the conditions of therapeutic and prophylactic use in experimental type 2 diabetes mellitus contribute to the recovery of carbohydrate metabolism. At the effectiveness of correction of metabolic changes, in experimental diabetes mellitus, phytocomposition based on Galega officinalis L. is not inferior, and liposomal form of dry extract Galevit is dominated by the reference phyto-agent Arfa combi. The spectrum of metabolic activity and the effectiveness of the therapeutic and prophylactic action of the application of the liposomal form of this phytocomposition under the conditional name Galevit is more justified on the basis of pathological changes, and the develo-pment of a new antidiabetic herbal remedy is more expedient.

[PECULIARITIES OF IMMUNE PROFILE IN BLOOD OF RATS IN THE DYNAMICS OF IMMOBILIZATION STRESS ON THE BACKGROUND OF HYPOTHYROIDISM].

The aim of our study was to investigate the peculiarities of changes in the indices of cellular and humoral immunity in the case of immobilization stress, which is implemented against the background of hypothyroidism. It was used 84 white Wistar male rats to study the peculiarities of the stress reaction against hypothyroidism. The study of cellular and humoral immunity was performed on a Beckman Coulter Epics-XL flow cytometer. During the immobilization stress in rats, the cellular immunity indices reliably decrease at the anxiety stage with adaptation to the effect of stress after 48 h in the resistance stage with subsequent exhaustion of the adaptation reserves at the depletion stage. Against the background of a decrease in the T-lymphocyte level at the anxiety stage, the B-lymphocyte population significantly increased (by 26.5%). In animals with deficiency of iodine-containing thyroid hormones, we noted a significant decrease in cellular and humoral immunity at all stages of immobilization stress, which was accompanied by a significant decrease of immunoregulatory index (p<0.05).

THE DETERMINATION OF CORRELATION LINKAGES BETWEEN LEVEL OF REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES, CONTENTS OF NEUTROPHILES AND BLOOD GAS COMPOSITION IN EXPERIMENTAL ACUTE LUNG INJURY.

Acute lung injury (ALI) remains a major cause of acute respiratory failure and death of patients. Despite the achievements at the current stage in treatment, morbidity and mortality of ALI remain high. However, a deeper understanding of the pathogenetic links of ALI, identifying of the predictors that positively or negatively influence on the course of the syndrome, the correlation between some pathogenetic mechanisms will improve therapeutic strategies for patients with ALI, which makes the actuality of this study. The aim of the research was to detect additional pathogenetic mechanisms of the acute lung injury development in rats based on a comparative analysis of the correlations between the level of reactive oxygen species in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage, contents of neutrophils and blood gas composition. The experiments were performed on 54 white nonlinear mature male rats 200-220g in weight. The animals were divided into 5 groups: the 1st - control group (n=6), the 2nd - animals affected by hydrochloric acid for 2 hours (n=12), the 3rd - animals affected by hydrochloric acid for 6 hours (n=12), the 4th - animals affected by hydrochloric acid for 12 hours (n=12), the 5th - animals affected by hydrochloric acid for 24 hours (n=12). Correlation analysis was performed between all the studied indices. Coefficient of linear correlation (r) and its fidelity (p) was calculated that was accordingly denoted in the tables (correlation matrices). The correlation coefficient was significant at p<0.05. Conducted correlative analysis showed that the level of ROS in neutrophils of blood in rats with modeled ALI had a high negative correlative linkage with pH of arterial blood in 2nd and 3rd experimental groups. Conducted correlative analysis of data in BAL showed that the level of ROS in neutrophils in rats with modeled ALI had a strong positive correlative relationship with the number of white blood cells in 3-rd, 4-th and 5-th experimental groups and positive correlative relationship with the absolute number of neutrophils in the same experimental group. Consequently, the main manifestation of acute lung injury is the development of hypoxia and respiratory acidosis that is caused by the violation of gases diffusion in the alveoli. On this background non-specific inflammatory reaction is developed at lung microvessels level with violation of lung homeostasis, which is iniciated by neutrophils' activation, which are producing ROS.

[A correction of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense by enterosorption with the use of polysorbates during the combined treatment of the III/IV stage ovarian cancer]. / Korektsiia protsesiv perekysnoho okyslennia lipidiv ta antyoksydantnoho zakhystu shliakhov enterosorbtsiï z vykorystanniam polisorbu pid chas kombinovanoho likuvannia khvorykh na rak iaiechnykiv III-IV stadiï.

In 62 patients with ovarial cancer of III-IV stage under the influence of enterosorption using polysorb the contents of primary and intermediate products of peroxidal oxidation of lipids have reduced and the antioxidant system indexes did not change.

[Age features of oxidative processes in rat liver caused by toxic damage from tetrachloromethane]. / Osoblyvosti perebihu okysno-vidnovnykh protsesiv u pechintsi shchuriv riznoho viku za toksychnoho urazhennia tetrakhlormetanom.

It has been studied the effect of tetrachlormethane on the activity of the processes of microsomal mitochondrial and free radical oxidation in 3.8-10 and 20-24 month rats. The age peculiarities of the investigated processes have been ascertained. The introduction of CCl4 caused: the most increase of the level of free radical oxidation products in young animals. The activity of oxidative processes in microsomes were minimum in this group of animals. In old rats the contents of intermediate products of FRO increased in the least degree and end products--the same as young animals. The oxidative processes in mitochondria were decreased in the most degree in old rats. It has been concluded that the activation of free radical reactions by active metabolites of CCl4 plays the main role in progress of pathological processes in young animals and the covalent connection of low active radicals with proteins of membranes and enzymes in old rats.

[Role of the antioxidant system in the pathogenesis of toxic hepatitis]. / Rol' antioksidantnoi sistemy v patogeneze toksicheskogo gepatita.

Four subcutaneous administrations of 2 g/kg of tetrachloromethane to albino rats inhibited the hepatic activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, reduced the concentrations of tocopherol, retinol, ascorbic acid, glutathiones, decreased the plasma level of ceruloplasmin and the total antioxidative activity of liver tissue. The magnitude of changes in antioxidative parameters depended on the severity of hepatocytic destruction.

[The acetylcysteine correction of disorders of the oxidative processes in a toxic liver lesion]. / Korrektsiia atsetiltsisteinom narushenii okislitel'nykh protsessov pri toksicheskom porazhenii pecheni.

The damage of the liver in albino rats induces by CCl4 was followed by the disorders in the free radical, microsomal, and mitochondrial oxidation. The administration of acetylcysteine to the animals in a dose of 500 mg/kg 3 times a day resulted in normalization of chemiluminescence parameters of the liver tissue, the rate of oxygen consumption by microsomes and mitochondria of the hepatocytes, and in normalization of the succinatdehydrogenase, cytochromooxidase, H-ATP-ase activity and ATP concentration.

[Correction of disorders of oxidative processes in toxic liver injury using enterosorption]. / Korektsiia enterosorbtsiieiu porushen' okysniuval'nykh protsesiv pry toksychnomu urazhenni pechinky.

Liver injury with tetrachloromethane in white rats is accompanied by accumulation of hydroperoxides in the blood plasma and liver tissue and suppression of antioxidant system (the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, contents of SH-groups and total phospholipids drastically decreases). Ceruloplasmin level in plasma, on the contrary, increases. Enterosorbent SUGS-E in a dose of 19 g/kg partially normalizes violated balance between the activity of free radical processes and state of the antioxidant protection system.

[The efficacy of phenol antioxidants in vitro and in vivo]. / Effektivnost' fenol'nykh antioksidantov in vitro i in vivo.

The antioxidative activity of ionol, 2,2'methylene-bis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2-ethylenebis (6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2-propylenebis (6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2,2-butylenebis (6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol) was studied in models and in albino rats with experimental hyperthyroidism. The most intensive extinguishing of induced chemiluminescence was found to be produced by 2,2-methylenebis (6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol) and 2,2-ethylenebis (6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol). These substances produced the most inhibitory effects on lipid peroxidation in the heart of hyperthyroidism animals.

[Antioxidant effect of dimethyl sulfoxide in acute liver injury by carbon tetrachloride]. / Antiokislitel'noe deistvie dimtilsul'foksida pri ostrom porazhenii pecheni tetrakhlormetanom.

After subcutaneous administration of dimethyl sulfoxide into rats with toxic, tetrachloromethane-produced impairment of liver tissue, lipid peroxidation was effectively inhibited in hepatocytes and the state of anti-oxidation system was improved. Antioxidative properties of dimethyl sulfoxide were shown also in vitro.

[The effect of acetylcysteine on the antioxidant system in an experimental toxic lesion of the liver]. / Vliianie atsetiltsisteina na antioksidantnuiu sistemu pri éksperimental'nom toksicheskom porazhenii pecheni.

The liver damage by CCl4 in albino rats was followed by a drastic activation of lipid peroxidation processes and suppression of most components of the antioxidant system. The administration of acetylcysteine to the affected animals exerted the positive effect which manifested itself in a decrease of lipid peroxidation products content in the blood plasma and liver and in the partial normalization of the antioxidant protection system.

[Status of the free radical oxidation and antioxidant system in rats with toxic liver damage; effect of tocopherol and dimethylsulfoxide]. / Stan vil'noradykal'noho okislennia i antyoksydantovoï systemy u shchuriv z toksychnym urazheniiam pechinky; vplyv alpha-tokoferolu i dymetylsul'foksydu.

Carbon tetrachloride injected to white rats during four days in the dose of 2 g/kg drastically activates intensity of free radical lipid oxidation and induces impairment of the antioxidant system inhibition of the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, a decrease of SH-groups and general plasma ceruloplasmin level and total phospholipids in the liver. The greatest changes are observed by the 7th day. A complex use of tocopherol (30 mg/kg) and dimethyl-sulphoxide produce partial or complete normalization of all the above mentioned values. It is concluded that the optimization of the protective action of the antioxidant system requires a complex use of water and liposoluble antioxidants.