RESUMO
The dynamics of pesticide residues in strawberries that involved quantification of pesticide residues in ripe fruits after model treatment was evaluated in repeated field trials conducted over 3 years. Sixteen commercial pesticide formulations in various combinations were employed in applications from 7 to 44 days before harvest. Altogether 21 active ingredients and some of their metabolites were determined in treated strawberries using LC-MS and GC-MS methods. Except for propargite, the concentrations of all active ingredients declined below the respective MRLs (Regulation (EC) No. 396/2005); nevertheless, most of the tested fungicides often persisted above the 0.01 mg kg⻹ limit required by baby food producers to avoid the risk of exceeding the 'baby food limit' established in Commission Directive 2006/141/EC. On the other hand, residues of the majority of tested insecticides, namely spinosad, pymetrozine, deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin and azadirachtin, declined below this limit.
Assuntos
Qualidade de Produtos para o Consumidor , Contaminação de Alimentos/prevenção & controle , Fragaria/química , Frutas/química , Fungicidas Industriais/análise , Inseticidas/análise , Resíduos de Praguicidas/análise , Adulto , Biotransformação , Fenômenos Químicos , Qualidade de Produtos para o Consumidor/legislação & jurisprudência , Cicloexanos/efeitos adversos , Cicloexanos/análise , Cicloexanos/química , Cicloexanos/metabolismo , República Tcheca , União Europeia , Contaminação de Alimentos/legislação & jurisprudência , Fragaria/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Fragaria/metabolismo , Frutas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Frutas/metabolismo , Frutas/normas , Fungicidas Industriais/efeitos adversos , Fungicidas Industriais/química , Fungicidas Industriais/metabolismo , Fidelidade a Diretrizes , Humanos , Lactente , Alimentos Infantis/análise , Alimentos Infantis/normas , Inseticidas/efeitos adversos , Inseticidas/química , Inseticidas/metabolismo , Legislação sobre Alimentos , Resíduos de Praguicidas/efeitos adversos , Resíduos de Praguicidas/química , Resíduos de Praguicidas/metabolismo , Política Pública , Piridazinas/efeitos adversos , Piridazinas/análise , Piridazinas/química , Piridazinas/metabolismoRESUMO
A total of 19 pesticide preparations were used according to agricultural practice in six trials in apple orchards. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), premature Golden Delicious apples collected 64, 50, 36 days before harvest and mature fruit were examined for residues of active ingredients. No residues of triflumuron, triazamate, chlorpyrifos, etofenprox, fenoxycarb, kresoxim-methyl, cyprodinyl, difenoconazole or thiram were detected in the first sampling. Also, the levels of chlorpyrifos-methyl, penconazole, tebuconazole and tolylfluanid dropped during the pre-harvest interval. Detectable residues of pyridaben, thiacloprid, trifloxystrobin and tetraconazole in harvested fruits were below 0.01 mg kg(-1), which is the maximum concentration of residues acceptable by baby-food producers in any raw material. The only residues exceeding this concentration were captan and teflubenzuron. Based on the data, farmers can choose pesticides for optimal treatment of plants, while enabling growth of a safe crop suitable for baby-food production.
