The Role of Oral Organs in Local Immunity with Elements of Morphology of Lingual Glands.

In postnatal ontogeny, the topographic relationships of the tongue glands and lymphoid structures in the thickness of the tongue have clear age-related features. In this article, we discuss the features of the glandular-lymphoid relationship in the thickness of the tongue, which is of particular scientific and practical importance for more precise understanding of the mechanisms providing local immunity in the oral cavity.

[Neurological status and structural changes in the tracheal lymphoid tissue in rats with different resistance to emotional stress of experimental hemorrhagic stroke]. / Nevrologicheskii status i strukturnye izmeneniya limfoidnoi tkani trakhei u krys s razlichnoi ustoichivost'yu k emotsional'nomu stressu pri eksperimental'nom gemorragicheskom insul'te.

OBJECTIVE: To study neurological status and structural changes in the tracheal lymphoid tissue in rats with different resistance to emotional stress in experimental hemorrhagic stroke. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Evaluation of neurological deficit on the Menzies scale and a histological study of structural features of tracheal lymphoid tissue were performed on days 1, 3 and 7 of experimental hemorrhagic stroke in 98 Wistar male rats with different resistance to emotional stress. Stroke simulation was preceded by animal testing to determine individual stress resistance. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Neurological disorders are more pronounced in non-stress-resistant animals during all periods of observation. Lymphoid nodules of the tracheal wall of rats react with destruction of lymphoid cells and depletion of small lymphocytes observed in stress-resistant rats already on the 1st day of a stroke. On the 3rd day, the neurological deficit and changes in the cellular composition of the lymphoid formations of the trachea are most pronounced in both groups of rats. By the 7th day, a positive trend towards the restoration of the structure of tracheal lymphoid tissue and normal neurological status is detected only in rats resistant to emotional stress.

Structural Parameters of Mesenteric Lymph Nodes in Mice Exposed to Factors of Modeled Aerial Environment of Space Vehicles.

The effects of inhalation exposure to a mixture containing acetone, acetaldehyde, and ethanol in concentrations typical of closed environment in space vehicles on the structure of mesenteric lymph nodes in F1 male mice were studied by histological technique. The long-term exposure to modeled atmosphere led to pronounced structural changes in these nodes that were clearly seen on day 22 and increased by day 36 of the experiment. The thickness of the capsule and trabeculae of mesenteric lymph nodes as well as diameter of lymphatic sinuses did not differ from the control values up to day 8, but then increased on days 22-70. Starting from day 22, the thickness of the medullary cords decreased and attained the minimum to the end of the experiments, which can indicate depletion of immunocytopoiesis and inhibition of humoral immunity. The present data are important for the space medicine, because they indicate structural changes in the peripheral lymphoid organs, the key elements of immune system.

[Cellular composition of lymphoid nodules in the trachea wall in rats with different resistance to emotional stress in a model of hemorrhagic stroke]. / Kletochnyi sostav limfoidnykh uzelkov stenki trakhei krys s razlichnoi ustoichivost'iu k émotsional'nomu stressu v usloviiakh modelirovaniia gemorragicheskogo insul'ta.

AIM: To reveal regularities of changes in cellular composition of lymphoid nodules in the tracheal wall in male Wistar rats resistant and not resistant to emotional stress in a model of hemorrhagic stroke. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Lymphoid formations of the tracheal wall (an area near the bifurcation of the organ) were investigated in 98 male Wistar rats using histological methods. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Significant changes in the cellular composition of lymphoid nodules were found. The pattern of changes depends on the stress resistance of rats and the period of the experiment. The active cell destruction in lymphoid nodules was noted both in stress resistant and stress susceptible animals. The changes in the structure of lymphoid nodules found in the experimental hemorrhagic stroke suggest a decrease in the local immune resistance, which is most pronounced in rats not resistant to stress, that may contribute to the development of severe inflammatory complications of stroke such as pneumonia.

Morphological changes in rat tracheal wall in experimental hemorrhagic stroke.

Structure of the tracheal wall of male Wistar rats was studied by histological methods on days 1, 3, and 7 after experimental hemorrhagic stroke. Signs of impaired microcirculation and lymphatic drainage were revealed at all stages of the experiment. In the acute phase of stroke (day 1), these disturbances lead to destruction of epithelial cells and their extensive desquamation, edema of the submucosa, and hemorrhages in the tracheal wall. On days 3 and 7 of the experiment, destructive changes in the mucosa membrane were still present, but swelling of mucosa lamina propria and submucosa of the tracheal wall greatly decreased, probably due to evacuation of tissue fluid excess into the lumen. We can assume that changes in the structure of the tracheal wall in experimental hemorrhagic stroke impair the barrier function of the wall, which can contribute to the development of pneumonia, a serious inflammatory complications of stroke.