Stress level and quality of life following pediatric cataract surgery / Avaliação do nível de estresse e de qualidade de vida em crianças submetidas à cirurgia de catarata

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the quality of life and stress level related to visual function following pediatric cataract surgery in a Brazilian public hospital. Methods: This prospective study analyzed children aged 6-14 years old who underwent cataract surgery. The Childhood Stress Scale and Children's Visual Function Questionnaire (CVFQ) were used to assess stress levels and quality of life, respectively. Both instruments were applied by two psychologists before and after the surgery. Eye examination was performed by two ophthalmologists. Preoperative and postoperative data were compared. Results: In total, 23 children (32 eyes) were enrolled in the study, of which 9 had bilateral cataracts. The average age group at the time of surgery was 9.65 ± 2.26 (6-14) years old. One month after the surgery, the spherical equivalent was -0.90 ± 1.66D, and the corrected distance visual acuity was 0.13 ± 0.10 (0-0.3) LogMAR in bilateral cases and 0.50 ± 0.39 (0-1.3) LogMAR in unilateral cases (p<0.01). According to the Childhood Stress Scale, 77.7% of the bilateral cases and 57.1% of the unilateral cases had stable stress levels, and 34.7% of the children improved their stress level. The analysis of the CVFQ was based on scores for general health, general vision health, competence, personality, and treatment. After cataract surgery, 78.2% of the patients had improved or maintained CVFQ scores in the general health domain; 82.6%, general vision health; 95.6%, competence; 56.5%, personality; and 78.2%, treatment. Conclusion: Pediatric cataract surgery improves the visual function and the quality of life even in patients undergoing surgical procedures, without increasing the stress levels.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a qualidade de vida e o nível de estresse relacionada à função visual após a cirurgia de catarata pediátrica em um hospital público brasileiro. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo em crianças de seis a 14 anos submetidas à cirurgia de catarata. A Escala de Stresse Infantil e o Questionário de Função Visual em Crianças foram usados para avaliar o nível de estresse e a qualidade de vida, respectivamente. Ambos os instrumentos foram aplicados por duas psicólogas antes e após a cirurgia. O exame oftalmológico foi realizado por dois oftalmologistas. Os dados coletados no pré e pós-operatório foram comparados. Resultados: Vinte e três crianças (32 olhos) foram incluídas no estudo, nove delas apresentavam catarata bilateral. A média de idade na cirurgia foi de 9,65±2,26 (6 a 14) anos. Um mês após a cirurgia, o equivalente esférico foi de -0,90 ± 1,66D e a acuidade visual corrigida a distância foi de 0,13 ± 0,10 (0-0,3) LogMAR em casos bilaterais e 0,50 ± 0,39 (0-1,3) LogMAR em casos unilaterais (p<0.01). De acordo com a Escala de Stresse Infantil, 77,7% dos casos de catarata bilaterais, e 57,1% dos casos unilaterais mantiveram o nível de estresse e 34,7% das crianças melhoraram o nível de estresse. A análise do Questionário de Função Visual em Crianças foi baseada em pontuações para saúde geral, saúde geral da visão, competência, personalidade e tratamento. Após a cirurgia de catarata, 78,2% dos pacientes melhoraram ou mantiveram o escore do Questionário de Função Visual em Crianças na saúde geral, 82,6% na saúde geral da visão, 95,6% na competência, 56,5% na personalidade e 78,2% no tratamento. Conclusão: A cirurgia de catarata pediátrica melhora a função visual e a qualidade de vida em pacientes submetidos a procedimento cirúrgico, sem aumentar o nível de estresse.

Teleconsultation at a public ophthalmic teaching hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic / Teleconsulta em um hospital público de ensino oftalmológico durante a pandemia do COVID-19

ABSTRACT Purpose: To analyze teleconsultation at a public ophthalmic teaching hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. Methods: Medical records of patients who requested ophthalmological teleconsultation between June 2020 and March 2021 were reviewed. The main outcomes included demographic data, eye disease symptoms, hypothesized diagnosis, and management. Moreover, the results of a satisfaction survey administered after the consultation were analyzed. Results: Medical records of a total of 161 patients were reviewed. The mean age was 45.98 ± 17.57 (8-90) years, and most were women (113, 70.20%). Only 57 (35.60%) of the patients had made previous follow-up visits to the hospital. The most frequent reason for consultation was the need for a new eyeglass prescription (73, 45.34%), followed by dry eye symptoms (16, 9.93%) and pterygium (13, 8.07%). Other reasons were the monitoring of previously diagnosed eye diseases, such as glaucoma, retinopathies, strabismus, and keratoconus. Regarding the satisfaction survey, 151 (93.78%) patients answered the online questionnaire. Most reported that they were satisfied with the teleconsultation (94.03%) and would participate in a future teleconsultation (90.06%). Conclusion: Teleconsultation could be widely used to assist patients in public ophthalmology healthcare and teaching hospitals. Even though new eyeglass prescriptions are a frequent reason for ophthalmological appointments, patients tend to be satisfied with teleconsultation, as it also provides guidance.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a teleconsulta em um hospital público de ensino oftalmológico, durante o período da pandemia do COVID-19. Métodos: Foram revisados os registros médicos dos pacientes que solicitaram teleconsulta oftalmológica, no período de Junho de 2020 a Março de 2021. Os resultados incluem dados demográficos, sintomas de queixas oculares e hipóteses diagnósticas. Além disso, foram analisados dados da pesquisa de satisfação aplicada após cada teleconsulta. Resultados: Um total de 161 prontuários foram revisados. A idade média dos pacientes foi de 45.98 ± 17.57 (8 a 90) anos, a maioria mulheres, 113 (70,20%). Apenas 57 (35,60%) eram pacientes acompanhados no hospital previamente. A principal razão pela busca pela teleconsulta foi o erro refracional, 73 (45.43%), seguido de olho seco, 16 (9.93%), pterígio, 13 (8.07%). Outros motivos foram o acompanhamento de doenças prévias como glaucoma, retinopatias, miopia, estrabismo e ceratocone. Quanto a pesquisa de satisfação, 151(93,87%) pacientes responderam a pesquisa on-line. A maioria deles mostrou-se satisfeito com a teleconsulta (94.03%) e fariam uma nova teleconsulta (90.06%). Conclusão: A teleconsulta pode auxiliar a saúde pública em oftalmologia podendo ser utilizada em hospitais universitários. Embora o erro refracional tenha sido o motivo mais frequente nas consultas, os pacientes mostraram-se satisfeitos com essa modalidade de atendimento que serve como um serviço de orientação.

Situation of ophthalmology education in Brazil: supply versus demand / A situação da educação em Oftalmologia no Brasil: oferta versus demanda

ABSTRACT Purpose: The number of medical schools in Brazil has increased in recent years; however, vacancies for specialization in ophthalmology probably have not kept up with the growing demand. This study wants to estimate the increase in medical schools, the demand for ophthalmology specialization, and evaluate learning opportunities in ophthalmology. Methods: This was a retrospective study with research from the Ministry of Education and Brazilian Council of Ophthalmology database from 2002 to 2021. These data were checked through 120 notices published by the institutions in 2021. Results: The number of medical school vacancies increased by 370%, whereas the number of certified ophthalmology vacancies increased by 64%. There was an 11.4% misalignment between the Brazilian Council of Ophthalmology data in the Ministry of Education. Conclusion: The proportion of medical graduates has increased much more than opportunities for ophthalmology specialization. The effect on the search for unaccredited specialization positions is unknown, and policies for monitoring the specialization of ophthalmology vacancies should be established.

RESUMO Objetivo: Nos últimos 20 anos, o número de escolas médicas no Brasil aumentou, mas as vagas para especialização em Oftalmologia não acompanharam a demanda crescente. Este estudo quer estimar a demanda por especialização e avaliar a oferta de oportunidades de aprendizado em Oftalmologia. Métodos: Estudo epidemiológico com pesquisa em banco de dados provenientes do Ministério da Educação e Conselho Brasileiro de Oftalmologia. Estes dados foram checados através de 120 editais publicados pelos serviços de Residência em 2021. Resultados: De 2002 a 2021, o número de vagas em faculdades de Medicina aumentou 370%, enquanto o número de vagas certificadas de especialização em Oftalmologia aumentou 64%. Houve um desalinhamento de 11.4% entre os dados do Conselho Brasileiro de Oftalmologia e do Ministério da Educação. Conclusão: A proporção de graduados em Medicina aumentou muito mais do que a oferta de oportunidades de especialização em Oftalmologia, o impacto disto na busca por vagas de especialização não acreditadas é desconhecido, políticas de monitoramento das vagas de especialização em Oftalmologia devem ser estabelecidas.

Situation of ophthalmology education in Brazil: supply versus demand.

PURPOSE: The number of medical schools in Brazil has increased in recent years; however, vacancies for specialization in ophthalmology probably have not kept up with the growing demand. This study wants to estimate the increase in medical schools, the demand for ophthalmology specialization, and evaluate learning opportunities in ophthalmology. METHODS: This was a retrospective study with research from the Ministry of Education and Brazilian Council of Ophthalmology database from 2002 to 2021. These data were checked through 120 notices published by the institutions in 2021. RESULTS: The number of medical school vacancies increased by 370%, whereas the number of certified ophthalmology vacancies increased by 64%. There was an 11.4% misalignment between the Brazilian Council of Ophthalmology data in the Ministry of Education. CONCLUSION: The proportion of medical graduates has increased much more than opportunities for ophthalmology specialization. The effect on the search for unaccredited specialization positions is unknown, and policies for monitoring the specialization of ophthalmology vacancies should be established.

Teleconsultation at a public ophthalmic teaching hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic.

PURPOSE: To analyze teleconsultation at a public ophthalmic teaching hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. METHODS: Medical records of patients who requested ophthalmological teleconsultation between June 2020 and March 2021 were reviewed. The main outcomes included demographic data, eye disease symptoms, hypothesized diagnosis, and management. Moreover, the results of a satisfaction survey administered after the consultation were analyzed. RESULTS: Medical records of a total of 161 patients were reviewed. The mean age was 45.98 ± 17.57 (8-90) years, and most were women (113, 70.20%). Only 57 (35.60%) of the patients had made previous follow-up visits to the hospital. The most frequent reason for consultation was the need for a new eyeglass prescription (73, 45.34%), followed by dry eye symptoms (16, 9.93%) and pterygium (13, 8.07%). Other reasons were the monitoring of previously diagnosed eye diseases, such as glaucoma, retinopathies, strabismus, and keratoconus. Regarding the satisfaction survey, 151 (93.78%) patients answered the online questionnaire. Most reported that they were satisfied with the teleconsultation (94.03%) and would participate in a future teleconsultation (90.06%). CONCLUSION: Teleconsultation could be widely used to assist patients in public ophthalmology healthcare and teaching hospitals. Even though new eyeglass prescriptions are a frequent reason for ophthalmological appointments, patients tend to be satisfied with teleconsultation, as it also provides guidance.

Impact of cataract surgery on visual acuity and quality of life assessed using the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire 25 in a public teaching hospital in Brazil / Impacto da cirurgia de catarata na acuidade visual e na qualidade de vida usando o National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire 25 em um hospital público de ensino no Brasil

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study set out to examine the impact of surgical treatment of senile cataract on visual acuity and quality of life in patients operated in a public teaching hospital. Methods: Prospective study including patients aged over 60 years with clinical indications for cataract surgery treated at a medical residency service. The National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire 25 was applied. Corrected distance visual acuity was measured before and after cataract surgery. Correlations between National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire 25 scores and corrected distance visual acuity were investigated. Surgeons in charge, and surgical complications were also reported. Results: A total of 69 patients (89 eyes) were enrolled in this study. Patients were submitted to unilateral (52) or bilateral (17) surgery. Mean patient age was 70.8 ± 7.3 (52 to 95) years. Mean preoperative and postoperative National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire 25 scores were 77.4 ± 15.3 (25.7 to 98.2) and 89.7 ± 14.0 (28.2 to 100) respectively. The larger differences in National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire 25 subscale scores were associated with general vision (from 34.4 to 48.6). Mean preoperative and postoperative corrected distance visual acuity were 0.7 ± 0.39 (0.3 to 1.3) LogMAR and 0.24 ± 0.19 (0.1 to 1.0) LogMAR respectively. Comparative analysis of preoperative and postoperative findings revealed significant (p<0.001) improvements in quality of life and corrected distance visual acuity. Most surgeries (70%, 74 eyes) were performed by surgeons in training. Comparative analysis between patients submitted to unilateral and bilateral surgery revealed significantly (p=0.016) larger visual acuity gains in patients requiring surgery in both eyes. However, questionnaire scores did not differ significantly (p=2.48). Complications were observed in 13 eyes (14.6%), posterior capsule tear being the most common. Even in these cases, total National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire 25 scores and corrected distance visual acuity increased significantly (p<0.001). Conclusion: Cataract surgery performed in teaching hospital settings improved patient quality of life and visual acuity. Therefore, public health agencies should ensure access to cataract surgery.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da cirurgia de catarata na acuidade visual e na qualidade de vida em adultos submetidos à cirurgia de catarata em hospital público de ensino. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo, que incluiu pacientes acima de 60 anos com indicação clínica para cirurgia de catarata em um serviço de residência médica. O National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire 25 foi aplicado, e a acuidade visual corrigida à distância foi avaliada antes e após a cirurgia de catarata. Foram realizadas correlações entre o escore do National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire 25 e a acuidade visual. Cirurgiões e complicações cirúrgicas também foram descritos. Resultados: Foram incluídos neste estudo 89 olhos de 69 pacientes, em um total de 52 cirurgias unilaterais e 17 bilaterais. A idade média foi de 70,8±7,3 anos (52 a 95), e a pontuação média do National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire 25 antes da cirurgia foi 77,4±15,3 (25,7 a 98,2) e, depois, de 89,7±14,03 (28,2 a 100). A maior diferença entre os subdomínios do National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire 25 foi a visão geral (34,4 a 48,6). A acuidade visual corrigida à distância média antes do procedimento foi de 0,70±0,39 (0,3 a 1,3) LogMAR e, depois, foi de 0,24±0,19 (0,1 a 1,0) LogMAR. Comparando os resultados antes e após a cirurgia de catarata, houve melhora significativa na qualidade de vida (p<0,001) e na acuidade visual (p<0,001). Dentre as cirurgias, 70% (74 olhos) foram realizadas por cirurgiões em treinamento. A análise comparativa entre os grupos de pacientes de cirurgias unilaterais e bilaterais apresentou um ganho na acuidade visual maior no grupo que operou ambos os olhos, com significância estatística (p=0,016). No entanto, o aumento na pontuação do questionário, observado em ambos os grupos, não representou diferença estatisticamente significante (p=٢,٤٨٩). Complicações foram observadas em ١٣ olhos (١٤,٦٪), sendo a ruptura de cápsula posterior a mais frequente. Mesmo esses pacientes obtiveram aumento no escore total do National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire 25 (p<0,001) e na acuidade visual corrigida à distância (p<0,001). Conclusão: A cirurgia de catarata realizada em ambiente hospitalar de ensino proporciona melhora na qualidade de vida e na acuidade visual, sendo fundamental que os órgãos de saúde pública garantam o acesso da população a esse procedimento.

Long-term results of in-the-bag primary intraocular lens implantation in children younger than 24 months / Resultados a longo prazo de implante primário de lente intraocular no saco capsular em crianças menores que 24 meses

ABSTRACT Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the safety of primary intraocular lens implantation in a large number of eyes in children aged <24 months. Methods: The medical records of patients aged 5-24 months, who underwent primary intraocular lens implantation in the capsular bag, were reviewed. A foldable three-piece acrylic intraocular lens was implanted by the same surgeon using a single surgical technique. Patients who had <1 year of follow-up after the surgery were excluded. The main outcome measurements included visual acuity, myopic shift, follow-up complications, and additional surgeries. Results: Sixty-eight patients (93 eyes) were analyzed. The mean age of the patients at the time of surgery was 15.06 ± 6.19 months (range: 5-24 months), and the spherical equivalent 1 month after surgery was 3.62 ± 2.32 D. After 5.67 ± 3.10 years, the spherical equivalent was -0.09 ± 3.22 D, and the corrected distance visual acuity was 0.33 ± 0.33 and 0.64 ± 0.43 logMAR in bilateral and unilateral cases, respectively (p=0.000). The highest myopic shift was observed in infants who underwent surgery at ages 5 and 6 months. The most frequent complications included visual axis opacification and corectopia. Glaucoma and retinal detachment were not reported. Conclusion: Primary in-the-bag intraocular lens implantation in children aged 5-24 months is safe, and is associated with low rates of adverse events and additional surgery.

RESUMO Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a segurança do implante de lente intraocular primária em um grande número de olhos em crianças <24 meses. Métodos: Foram revisados os prontuários de pacientes com idade entre 5-24 meses, submetidos a implante primário de lente intraocular no saco capsular. Uma lente intraocular acrílica de três peças dobrável foi implantada pelo mesmo cirurgião usando uma única técnica cirúrgica. Pacientes que tiveram <1 ano de acompanhamento após a cirurgia foram excluídos. Os principais resultados incluíram medidas de acuidade visual, mudança miópica, complicações pós operatórias e cirurgias adicionais. Resultados: Foram analisados 68 pacientes (93 olhos). A média de idade dos pacientes no momento da cirurgia foi de 15,06 ± 6,19 (5 a 24) meses, e o equivalente esférico 1 mês após a cirurgia foi de 3,62 ± 2,32 D. Após 5,67 ± 3,10 anos, o equivalente esférico foi de -0,09 ± 3,22 D, e a acuidade visual corrigida à distância foi de 0,33 ± 0,33 e 0,64 ± 0,43 logMAR em casos bilaterais e casos unilaterais, respectivamente (p=0,000). A maior mudança míopica foi observado em bebês submetidos à cirurgia aos 5 e 6 meses de idade. As complicações mais frequentes incluíram opacificação do eixo visual e corectopia. Glaucoma e descolamento de retina não foram relatados. Conclusão: O implante primário de lente intraocular no saco capsular em crianças de 5-24 meses é seguro e está associado à baixas taxas de eventos adversos e cirurgias adicional.

Long-term results of in-the-bag primary intraocular lens implantation in children younger than 24 months.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the safety of primary intraocular lens implantation in a large number of eyes in children aged <24 months. METHODS: The medical records of patients aged 5-24 months, who underwent primary intraocular lens implantation in the capsular bag, were reviewed. A foldable three-piece acrylic intraocular lens was implanted by the same surgeon using a single surgical technique. Patients who had <1 year of follow-up after the surgery were excluded. The main outcome measurements included visual acuity, myopic shift, follow-up complications, and additional surgeries. RESULTS: Sixty-eight patients (93 eyes) were analyzed. The mean age of the patients at the time of surgery was 15.06 ± 6.19 months (range: 5-24 months), and the spherical equivalent 1 month after surgery was 3.62 ± 2.32 D. After 5.67 ± 3.10 years, the spherical equivalent was -0.09 ± 3.22 D, and the corrected distance visual acuity was 0.33 ± 0.33 and 0.64 ± 0.43 logMAR in bilateral and unilateral cases, respectively (p=0.000). The highest myopic shift was observed in infants who underwent surgery at ages 5 and 6 months. The most frequent complications included visual axis opacification and corectopia. Glaucoma and retinal detachment were not reported. CONCLUSION: Primary in-the-bag intraocular lens implantation in children aged 5-24 months is safe, and is associated with low rates of adverse events and additional surgery.

Posterior Capsule Opacification after Cataract Surgery in Children Over Five Years of Age with Square-edge Hydrophobic versus Hydrophilic Acrylic Intraocular Lenses: A Prospective Randomized Study.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of hydrophobic and hydrophilic materials in square-edged acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs) on the development of posterior capsule opacification (PCO) after pediatric cataract surgery. METHODS: Patients were randomly assigned to group 1 (hydrophobic acrylic square-edged IOLs; 13 eyes) or group 2 (hydrophilic acrylic square-edged IOLs; 13 eyes). The study evaluated PCO rates using Evaluation of Posterior Capsule Opacification (EPCO) 2000 software at one, three, six and 12 months postoperatively. Postoperative measurements also included corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) capsulotomy and postoperative complications other than PCO. RESULTS: Both groups had significant increases in PCO rates after one year. Comparison of the groups showed no significant differences in the EPCO scores at three (group 1, 0.007±0.016 vs group 2, 0.008±0.014; p=0.830), six (group 1, 0.062±0.103 vs group 2, 0.021±0.023; p=0.184), or twelve months postoperatively (group 1, 0.200±0.193 vs group 2, 0.192±0.138; p=0.902). We also found no significant group differences regarding the change (delta, Δ) in EPCO scores between three and six months (group 1, 0.055±0.09 vs group 2, 0.013±0.02; p=0.113) or between six and twelve months postoperatively (group 1, 0.139±0.14 vs group 2, 0.171±0.14; p=0.567). Twenty-three percent of patients required Nd:YAG capsulotomy at the twelve-month visit. CONCLUSIONS: No differences in PCO rates were found between hydrophobic and hydrophilic acrylic square-edged IOLs in children between five and twelve years of age at one year of follow-up.

Evaluation of quality of life and visual acuity after posterior capsulotomy with neodymium: YAG laser in adults / Avaliação da qualidade de vida e da acuidade visual após capsulotomia com Neodymium: YAG laser em adultos

Abstract Purpose: To determine the impact of neodymium:YAG (Nd:YAG) laser posterior capsulotomy on quality of life and visual acuity in adults. Methods: A prospective study that included patients over 65 years old with clinical indications for Nd: YAG laser capsulotomy. On the day of the procedure, corrected distance visual acuity tests, slit-lamp examination and posterior capsule opacification (PCO) photo documentation were performed, followed by application of the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ-25). The PCO rate was evaluated with Evaluation of Posterior Capsule opacification (EPCO 2000) software. Four weeks after the posterior capsulotomy, corrected distance visual acuity was measured, and the NEI-VFQ-25 was applied again. Complications were also reported. Results : Sixty eyes from 45 patients were enrolled in the study. The mean age was 71.51 ± 6.38 years (65 to 93). Comparing the results before and after the Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy, there was a statistically significant improvement in quality of life according to the NEI-VFQ-25 (p<0.001) and in visual acuity (p=0.0). The mean score in NEI-VFQ-25 Questionnaire before capsulotomy was 62.07 ± 20.90 (16.81-95.90) and after was 83.95±19.49 (20.68 - 100.0). The mean CDVA before the procedure was 0.75 ± 0.35 LogMAR (0.1-1.3) and after was 0.21 ± 0.20 LogMAR (0.0-1.3). The mean PCO rate measured by the EPCO software was 0.688 ± 0.449. There was a positive correlation between the EPCO score and the total score of quality of life after Nd: YAG laser capsulotomy (r=0.845, p=0.00). Damage to intraocular lens was the only complication observed in six eyes (10%). Conclusion: Nd: YAG laser capsulotomy, in addition to improving visual acuity, is able to improve quality of life.

Resumo Objetivo: Determinar o impacto da capsulotomia posterior com laser de neodímio: YAG (Nd: YAG) na qualidade de vida e na acuidade visual em adultos. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo que incluiu pacientes acima de 65 anos com indicação clínica para capsulotomia com laser de Nd: YAG. No dia do procedimento, foram realizados testes de acuidade visual corrigida, exame com lâmpada de fenda e fotodocumentação da opacificação da cápsula posterior (OCP), seguido da aplicação do National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ-25). A taxa de OCP foi avaliada utilizando o software de avaliação de opacificação de cápsula posterior (EPCO 2000). Quatro semanas após a capsulotomia posterior, a acuidade visual corrigida foi medida, e o NEI-VFQ-25 foi aplicado novamente. Complicações também foram relatadas. Resultados: Sessenta olhos de 45 pacientes foram incluídos no estudo. A idade média foi de 71,51±6,38 anos (65 to 93). Comparando os resultados antes e após a capsulotomia com laser Nd: YAG, houve melhora estatisticamente significante na qualidade de vida de acordo com o NEI-VFQ-25 (p <0,001) e na acuidade visual (p = 0,0). A média do escore total do questionário NEI-VFQ-25 pré capsulotomia foi de 62.07 ± 20.90 (16.81-95.90) e pós foi de 83.95 ±19.49 (20.68 - 100.0). A AVCC antes do procedimento foi 0.75 ± 0.35 LogMAR (0.1-1.3) e após foi 0.21 ± 0.20 LogMAR (0.0-1.3). A taxa média de OCP medida pelo software EPCO foi de 0,688 ± 0,449. Houve correlação positiva entre o escore EPCO e o escore total de qualidade de vida após a capsulotomia com laser de Nd: YAG (r = 0,845, p = 0,00). O dano à lente intraocular foi a única complicação observada em seis olhos (10%). Conclusão: A capsulotomia com laser Nd: YAG, além de melhorar a acuidade visual, é capaz de melhorar a qualidade de vida.

Posterior capsule opacification after cataract surgery in children over five years of age with square-edge hydrophobic versus hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses: a prospective randomized study

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of hydrophobic and hydrophilic materials in square-edged acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs) on the development of posterior capsule opacification (PCO) after pediatric cataract surgery. METHODS: Patients were randomly assigned to group 1 (hydrophobic acrylic square-edged IOLs; 13 eyes) or group 2 (hydrophilic acrylic square-edged IOLs; 13 eyes). The study evaluated PCO rates using Evaluation of Posterior Capsule Opacification (EPCO) 2000 software at one, three, six and 12 months postoperatively. Postoperative measurements also included corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), neodymium:yttrium‐aluminum‐garnet (Nd:YAG) capsulotomy and postoperative complications other than PCO. RESULTS: Both groups had significant increases in PCO rates after one year. Comparison of the groups showed no significant differences in the EPCO scores at three (group 1, 0.007±0.016 vs group 2, 0.008±0.014; p=0.830), six (group 1, 0.062±0.103 vs group 2, 0.021±0.023; p=0.184), or twelve months postoperatively (group 1, 0.200±0.193 vs group 2, 0.192±0.138; p=0.902). We also found no significant group differences regarding the change (delta, Δ) in EPCO scores between three and six months (group 1, 0.055±0.09 vs group 2, 0.013±0.02; p=0.113) or between six and twelve months postoperatively (group 1, 0.139±0.14 vs group 2, 0.171±0.14; p=0.567). Twenty-three percent of patients required Nd:YAG capsulotomy at the twelve-month visit. CONCLUSIONS: No differences in PCO rates were found between hydrophobic and hydrophilic acrylic square-edged IOLs in children between five and twelve years of age at one year of follow-up.

Ultrasound power and irrigation volume in different lens opacity grades: comparison of femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery and conventional phacoemulsification.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the amount of ultrasound energy and irrigation volume in conventional phacoemulsification cataract surgery versus femtosecond laser-assisted phacoemulsification at different nuclear-cortical cataract grades. METHOD: This was a prospective, consecutive, investigator-masked nonrandomized parallel cohort study. Patients were divided into 4 groups (Phaco1, Phaco2, Femto1 and Femto2) according to the surgical technique (conventional phacoemulsification [Group Phaco] or femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery [Group Femto]) and the Lens Opacity Classification System III (LOCS) grade (LOCS<11 [group 1] or LOCS≥11 [group 2]). The measured outcomes were effective phacoemulsification time (EPT), indicating the ultrasound energy, and balanced salt solution (BSS) use, indicating the irrigation volume, to indirectly estimate the damage to the corneal endothelium caused by the cataract surgery. RESULTS: A total of 160 eyes from 109 patients were included: 87 eyes in Group Phaco, 73 eyes in Group Femto, 76 eyes in group 1 and 84 eyes in group 2. The EPT mean in Femto1 was 53% less (2.73±1.88, 0.1 to 8.65) than that in Phaco1 (5.80±2.86) (p=0.00) and in Femto2 (8.38±9.32) was 33% less than that in Phaco2 (12.55±8.38) (p=0.00). No significant differences in mean LOCS grades between the Phaco1 (8.21±1.44) and Femto1 (7.90±1.90) groups (p=0.73) or between the Phaco2 (13.15±2.55) and Femto2 (12.72±2.18) groups (p=0.95) were found. There were no significant differences in the mean BSS use between the Phaco1 (55.73±12.45) and Femto1 (59.37±10.93) groups (p=0.48) or between the Phaco2 (64.34±21.00) and Femto2 (65.71±17.60) groups (p=0.47). CONCLUSIONS: Compared to conventional phacoemulsification at different nuclear-cortical cataract grades, femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery provides an EPT reduction but does not influence the BSS use.

Histological comparison of in vitro and in vivo development of peripheral posterior capsule opacification in human donor tissue.

In order to study the mechanisms involved in the development of posterior capsule opacification (PCO) we compared in vivo developed PCO with PCO formed in tissue culture with focus on the periphery of the lens capsule to evaluate lens regeneration potential. We studied three human tissue groups: Cultured lens capsules after mock cataract surgery (n = 6, 30 days), lens capsules from donors that had previously undergone cataract surgery (IOL capsules) (n = 12) and intact lenses (n = 6). All samples were stained with Vimentin, alpha Smooth Muscle Actin, Picro Sirius Red (for collagen) and Paired box protein (Pax6). We found that cultured capsules and less developed IOL capsules consisted mainly of monolayers of mesenchymal cells, while more developed IOL capsules, contained lens epithelial cells (LECs), globular cells and lens fiber cells. Many IOL capsule samples expressed collagen I and III in areas where cells were in contact with the IOL. Pax6 had a similar dispersed distribution in less developed IOL capsules and cultured capsules, while more developed IOL capsules and intact lenses, concentrated Pax6 in LECs at the equatorial lens bow. The similarities between cultured capsules and less developed IOL capsules indicate that our in vitro developed PCO is comparable to early in vivo developed PCO. The similar morphology of more developed IOL capsules and intact lenses seems to indicate an attempt at lens regeneration.

Comparison of different surgical approaches for pediatric cataracts: complications and rates of additional surgery during long-term follow-up.

OBJECTIVES: To compare long-term postoperative complications of pediatric cataract surgery with primary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation associated with posterior capsulotomy (PC) and anterior vitrectomy (AV) between patients treated with a corneal or pars plicata/pars plana approach. METHODS: Children who underwent cataract surgery with in-the-bag primary IOL implantation were divided into two groups according to PC and AV surgical approach: a corneal approach (group 1) and a pars plicata/pars plana approach (group 2). Only patients with a follow-up duration of more than two years were included. Long-term surgical outcomes were retrospectively reported. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 10.00±3.13 years. No cases of glaucoma or retinal detachment were reported. The mean age at surgery was 34.57±22.66 months. Forty-six children were included (27 eyes in group 1 and 29 eyes in group 2). The most frequent postoperative complication was corectopia, followed by visual axis opacification. Both complications occurred more frequently in group 1 (p<0.001). After cataract surgery, the rate of additional surgeries in group 1 was 51.9%, while in group 2, the rate was 27.6% (p=0.1132). CONCLUSION: The pars plicata/pars plana approach with PC and vitrectomy with primary in-the-bag IOL implantation for pediatric cataracts is a safe procedure.

Urrets-Zavalia Syndrome following cataract surgery in a case of anterior megalophthalmos / Síndrome de Urrets-Zavalia após cirurgia de catarata em um caso de megaloftalmo anterior

ABSTRACT Intraoperative and postoperative cataract surgery in eyes with anterior megalophthalmos are challenging procedures. Herein we describe the case of a 53-year-old male with anterior megalophthalmos who developed unilateral Urrets-Zavalia Syndrome following cataract surgery.

RESUMO O intraoperatório e o pós-operatório de cirurgia de catarata em olhos com megaloftalmo anterior é desafiador. Descrevemos o caso de um homem de 53 anos com megaloftalmo anterior que desenvolveu a Síndrome de Urrets-Zavalia unilateral após cirurgia de catarata.

Urrets-Zavalia Syndrome following cataract surgery in a case of anterior megalophthalmos.

Intraoperative and postoperative cataract surgery in eyes with anterior megalophthalmos are challenging procedures. Herein we describe the case of a 53-year-old male with anterior megalophthalmos who developed unilateral Urrets-Zavalia Syndrome following cataract surgery.

Retrospective study to assess the impact of ranibizumab 0. 5mg in the visual acuity of patients with macular diseases in a real life context / Estudo retrospectivo para avaliar o impacto de ranibizumab 0, 5mg na acuidade visual de pacientes com doenças maculares num contexto de vida real

Abstract Objective: The primary objective of the study is to evaluate, in a population in the state of Bahia, Brazil, the impact of ranibizumab in best-corrected visual acuity of patients with macular disease and macular edema. Methods: This study did a retrospective and observational assessment visual acuity of the group of patients followed at the Professor Edgard Santos University Hospital and Oftalmodiagnose Eye Hospital in 2011 and 2012 in a real life context. Results: The impact on sample patientes post-treatment demonstrated favorable outcome with an increase in visual acuity of 32%, which means improvement of more than one line in the snellem chart. Conclusion: Improvement in visual acuity of this group was observed from baseline to the end of follow up in a real-life context.

Resumo Objetivo: O objetivo principal do estudo é avaliar, em uma população no estado da Bahia, o impacto do ranibizumab na acuidade visual melhor corrigida de pacientes com doença macular e edema macular. Métodos: Para isso, fizemos uma avaliação retrospectiva e observacional da acuidade visual do grupo de pacientes seguidos no Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos e Oftalmodiagnose Hospital de Olhos em 2011 e 2012 em um contexto de vida real. Resultados: O estudo demonstrou desfecho favorável com aumento da acuidade visual de 32%, o que significa melhora de mais de uma linha no quadro snellem. Conclusão: A melhora da acuidade visual desse grupo foi observada desde o início até o final do seguimento em um contexto da vida real.

Ultrasound power and irrigation volume in different lens opacity grades: comparison of femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery and conventional phacoemulsification

OBJECTIVES: To compare the amount of ultrasound energy and irrigation volume in conventional phacoemulsification cataract surgery versus femtosecond laser-assisted phacoemulsification at different nuclear-cortical cataract grades. METHOD: This was a prospective, consecutive, investigator-masked nonrandomized parallel cohort study. Patients were divided into 4 groups (Phaco1, Phaco2, Femto1 and Femto2) according to the surgical technique (conventional phacoemulsification [Group Phaco] or femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery [Group Femto]) and the Lens Opacity Classification System III (LOCS) grade (LOCS<11 [group 1] or LOCS≥11 [group 2]). The measured outcomes were effective phacoemulsification time (EPT), indicating the ultrasound energy, and balanced salt solution (BSS) use, indicating the irrigation volume, to indirectly estimate the damage to the corneal endothelium caused by the cataract surgery. RESULTS: A total of 160 eyes from 109 patients were included: 87 eyes in Group Phaco, 73 eyes in Group Femto, 76 eyes in group 1 and 84 eyes in group 2. The EPT mean in Femto1 was 53% less (2.73±1.88, 0.1 to 8.65) than that in Phaco1 (5.80±2.86) (p=0.00) and in Femto2 (8.38±9.32) was 33% less than that in Phaco2 (12.55±8.38) (p=0.00). No significant differences in mean LOCS grades between the Phaco1 (8.21±1.44) and Femto1 (7.90±1.90) groups (p=0.73) or between the Phaco2 (13.15±2.55) and Femto2 (12.72±2.18) groups (p=0.95) were found. There were no significant differences in the mean BSS use between the Phaco1 (55.73±12.45) and Femto1 (59.37±10.93) groups (p=0.48) or between the Phaco2 (64.34±21.00) and Femto2 (65.71±17.60) groups (p=0.47). CONCLUSIONS: Compared to conventional phacoemulsification at different nuclear-cortical cataract grades, femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery provides an EPT reduction but does not influence the BSS use.

Comparison of different surgical approaches for pediatric cataracts: complications and rates of additional surgery during long-term follow-up

OBJECTIVES: To compare long-term postoperative complications of pediatric cataract surgery with primary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation associated with posterior capsulotomy (PC) and anterior vitrectomy (AV) between patients treated with a corneal or pars plicata/pars plana approach. METHODS: Children who underwent cataract surgery with in-the-bag primary IOL implantation were divided into two groups according to PC and AV surgical approach: a corneal approach (group 1) and a pars plicata/pars plana approach (group 2). Only patients with a follow-up duration of more than two years were included. Long-term surgical outcomes were retrospectively reported. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 10.00±3.13 years. No cases of glaucoma or retinal detachment were reported. The mean age at surgery was 34.57±22.66 months. Forty-six children were included (27 eyes in group 1 and 29 eyes in group 2). The most frequent postoperative complication was corectopia, followed by visual axis opacification. Both complications occurred more frequently in group 1 (p<0.001). After cataract surgery, the rate of additional surgeries in group 1 was 51.9%, while in group 2, the rate was 27.6% (p=0.1132). CONCLUSION: The pars plicata/pars plana approach with PC and vitrectomy with primary in-the-bag IOL implantation for pediatric cataracts is a safe procedure.

Long-term results of secondary intraocular lens implantation in children under 30 months of age.

PURPOSE: To report the long-term outcome of early secondary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation following congenital cataract extraction in a large number of eyes. METHODS: Data of aphakic children under 30 months of age who underwent secondary IOL implantation and had at least one year of follow-up after the surgery was reviewed. In all of the patients, a foldable three-piece acrylic IOL was implanted in the ciliary sulcus by the same surgeon using the same technique. The database studied included refractive and visual acuity (VA) outcomes and complications. RESULTS: Fifty patients (75 eyes) were included. The average age at the time of cataract extraction was 94.20 ± 44.94 days and 20.7 ± 6.0 months in the secondary IOL implantation. After 82.32 ± 48.91 months, the VA was 0.58 ± 0.35 LogMAR and the spherical equivalent was -2.20 ± 4.19 D. There was a negative correlation between a longer follow-up period and myopia at the SE measured (P = .001). The most frequent complications included glaucoma and corectopia. Performing the secondary IOL implantation ≤ 20 months of age was not a risk factor for glaucoma development (P = 0.095). CONCLUSION: Secondary IOL implantation under 30 months of age is an option for children with unsatisfactory management of the optic treatment. A predictable IOL power calculation and satisfactory visual outcomes compared to results of later secondary IOL implantation are possible.