Advance maternal age - risk factor for low birhtweight.

OBJECTIVE: To determinate correlation between childbearing postponement and low birthweight prevalence in Czech population. DESIGN: Population study. METHODS: Year books of Czech Statistical Office from 1990 to 2015 were used as sources of data. Analysis was done by simple linear regression method. RESULTS: The proportion of children borned by women older than 35 years have rised from 4% to 21% from 1990 to 2015. In the same time the percentage of low birthweight have increased from 5,7 do 7,6. The coefficient of determination, which shows the ratio of explained variability to common variability of this ratio, reach R2 = 0,88. Coclusion: The enlargement of life-borned low birthweight children is owing by 88% on account of childbearing postponement.

[Eating disorders in childhood and early adolescence]. / Poruchy príjmu potravy v detství a rané adolescenci.

Paper dials with specific characteristics of eating disorders in childhood and in early adolescence. Eating disorders can come in all ages, however, they occur most frequently in adolescents and in young adults. Less frequently they appear in childhood and in adolescence (only about 5% of patients are children below 12 years) but they represent serious challenge to the developmental process both at the biological and psychosocial level. Paper gives characteristic signs of eating disorders in children and specific syndromes, which occur in that developmental stage.

[Atypical eating disorders, a diagnostic and therapeutic problem? / Atypická porucha príjmu potravy, diagnostický a terapeutický problém?

Paper deals with problems of atypical forms of food intake disorder. Such disorders can be divided into three groups. First group included sub-clinical forms of food intake disorders. Patients with signs of thinning are included into the second group; however, their active role in slimming cannot be identified. In the third group the accompanying syndromes prevail, e.g. the syndrome of depression and obsessive-compulsive syndrome. Problems in the diagnostics and therapy of those atypical forms are discussed.

[The Twenty-eighth Conference of the Czech Demographic Society "Present Trends and Formulae of Demographic Behavior--Europe and Ourselves" (May 20, 1998)]. / XXVIII. konference Ceske Demograficke Spolecnosti "Soucasne trendy a vzorce demografickeho chovani--Evropa a my" (20. Kveten 1998).

PIP: This is a collection of brief papers from a 1998 conference on population dynamics in Europe. Papers are included on demographic developments in Eastern and Western Europe from 1950 to 1990; current trends of demographic behavior; the second demographic transition; the Czech Republic within the context of European demographic developments; macroeconomic development in Central and Eastern Europe from 1990 to 1997; the socioeconomic status of young people in the Czech Republic and Western Europe; family size and household earnings from 1988 to 1996; and possible future scenarios.^ieng

[True and false accusations in cases of child sexual abuse]. / Pravdivá a falesná obvinení v prípadech sexuálního zneuzití detí.

The authors deal with the problem of true and false accusations of sexual abuse by children. They try to describe the characteristics of the family system from which the child comes and draw attention to circumstances which may make the truthfulness of the child doubtful. They remind of criteria needed of professional caution as regards conclusions on the truthfulness of statements in cases of sexual child abuse.

[Psychodynamic and psychotherapeutic outcomes in anorexia nervosa during adolescence]. / Psychodynamika a psychoterapeutická východiska u mentální anorexie v adolescenci.

The authors discuss problems of psychogenic disorders of food intake and their basic variants--anorexia nervosa and bulimia. They try to define socio-cultural, familial and psychological characteristics of these diseases and find their relationship to adolescence as a risk period for the development of anorexia and bulimia. They mention specific personality characteristics and family structures in conjunction with the restrictive and bulemic variant of the disease and seek solutions of optimal psychotherapeutic intervention.

[Suicidal behavior in childhood and adolescence]. / Suicidální jednání v detském a adolescentním veku.

The authors present briefly statistical data pertaining to attempted suicide and completed suicide, they reflect on psychological criteria of true suicidal behaviour. They emphasize the necessity of subsequent specialized care after attempted suicide even in cases where objectively inadequate methods were used, as in childhood and adolescence there is the danger that the attempt will be repeated. The authors mention the statistically most frequent combinations of suicidal behaviour and other diseases, disorders or social pathology, incl. pathological family relations. The authors emphasize the clinically tested experience demonstrated on case-histories that if the pathological family relations are not the obvious immediate cause of suicidal behaviour, they play nevertheless an important, frequently fundamental though latent role in the development of autoaggressive behaviour of children and adolescents. This is why the comprehensive therapeutic approach is based on family therapy which proceeds in the out-patient department after the patient has been discharged from hospital.

Guanfacine in the treatment of hypertensives with a pronounced response to exercise and diabetes mellitus.

The authors assessed the antihypertensive effect of guanfacine (Estulic Sandoz) in 28 stage II hypertensive patients with a pronounced pressure response to the isometric test. Over a period of 4.3 months on the average, they managed to normalise both resting and exercise blood pressure in 89% of subjects. In another study, the authors administered guanfacine to 30 I- and II- type diabetics with essential, primarily stage I, hypertension. Over an average of 6 months, blood pressure normalised in 81% and, when using a guanfacine-saluretic combination, in additional 11%, that is, in a total of 92% of patients. It has been demonstrated that guanfacine has no adverse metabolic action. By contrast, the level of compensation of diabetes mellitus improved allowing 50% of patients to decrease their doses of oral antidiabetic drugs and insulin as well. The authors believe that, in diabetics with hypertension, guanfacine can be rightly regarded as the drug of first choice since it is effective in single-drug therapy and can be used with advantage in patients with whatever complication of diabetes mellitus.