Benchmark instances for road network repair and restoration problems in the context of disaster response operations.

This article presents a database which contains a comprehensive and systematically varied set of network instances. These can be applied as benchmarks for multiple road repair and restoration problems in the context of natural disasters. The characteristics of the instances vary in terms of network size, intensity and type of disaster affecting the road network, the epicenter's location, and the number of sub-networks in which the initial network is divided after the disaster occurs. The instances were developed primarily for the Multi-vehicle Prize Collecting Arc Routing for Connectivity Problem (KPC-ARCP). These are however easily adaptable to other well-known connectivity, vehicle routing, and facility location problems in the Operations Research literature. The instances are available on a public repository, as is the Python code to generate the instances.

Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy Using a Single-Dye Technique in a Cancer Center of North-East India: Cancer Epidemiology, Screening and diagnosis.

Background Sentinel lymph node (SLN) is the first node to receive the drainage directly from a tumor. SLN biopsy can be done in lieu of a formal lymphadenectomy in selected clinically node-negative cancers and minimizes morbidity compared with the latter. Methods This prospective study was done in patients with operable clinically node-negative breast cancer, penile cancer, and malignant melanoma of extremities in a cancer center of North-east India from January 2019 to December 2019. All the patients underwent formal lymph nodal dissection after the SLN biopsy. Besides intraoperative frozen section study of the sentinel node(s), all the specimens, including the sentinel node(s), were subjected to paraffin section histopathology. Results SLN was identified successfully in 96% of patients. Mean number of sentinel node(s) dissected was 2.3. Study of SLN biopsy with methylene blue dye for staging was done with 100% sensitivity and 95.3% specificity. The SLN procedure was able to negatively predict the drainage nodal basin in 100% with an overall accuracy of staging of 96.5%. The true-positive rate noted was 88.8%, and the false-positive rate was 4.6%. Conclusions SLN using a single-dye technique reliably identifies a sentinel node. This procedure can be safely adopted in patients with node-negative cancers as mentioned above to pathologically study the drainage basin.

Reverse sural flap - A feasible option for oncological defects of the lower extremity, ankle, and foot: Our experience from Northeast India.

BACKGROUND: Soft-tissue management around the lower third of the leg and foot presents a challenge to the surgeon. To achieve local control of tumor, additional surgical margins are required, thus creating large soft-tissue defects. The reverse sural artery flap (RSAF) is a popular option for many of these defects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study of 26 patients who underwent resection of tumor around the lower leg, ankle, and foot, and reconstruction with RSAF was performed at our institute from 2012 to 2018. RESULTS: Among the 26 studied patients, aged between 22 and 71 (mean age: 50.8) years, 5 were female and rest were male. The most common site of involvement by tumor was heel (42.3%), followed by sole (26.9%). The most common histopathological diagnosis was melanoma (61.5%), followed by squamous cell carcinoma (26.9%) and soft-tissue sarcoma (11.5%). CONCLUSION: The distally based sural flap is a reliable flap for the coverage of soft-tissue defects following oncological defects of the distal lower extremity and foot.