RESUMO
O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar as contribuições dos métodos quantitativos e qualitativos para a construção do conhecimento acerca dos determinantes sociais do processo de desmame, através da comparação entre os achados de pesquisas publicadas entre 2003 e 2009 na base de dados do sistema LILACS. Os determinantes sociais identificados nas investigações quantitativas foram expressos por variáveis de risco, enquanto os identificados nas investigações qualitativas deram visibilidade aos fatores intersubjetivos e objetivos que estruturam a ação social. O entendimento de que quantidade e qualidade são características que compõem os fenômenos complexos leva a propor a triangulação de métodos como uma estratégia para ampliar o conhecimento já existente acerca dos determinantes sociais do processo de desmame, e, assim, poder contribuir para a ampliação do período de amamentação.
This paper aims to study the contributions of quantitative and qualitative methods for the construction of knowledge about the social determinants of the weaning process, by comparing the findings of studies published between 2003 and 2009 in LILACS database system. The social determinants identified in quantitative research were expressed by risk variables, while those identified in the qualitative research gave visibility to inter-subjective and objective factors that shape social action. The realization that the quantity and quality are characteristics that make up the complex phenomena, leads us to the triangulation of methods as a strategy to expand the existing knowledge on social determinants of the weaning process and thereby contribute to the expansion of the breast-feeding period.
Assuntos
Lactente , Aleitamento Materno/psicologia , Metodologia como Assunto , Desmame , Fatores Culturais , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Estudos de Avaliação como AssuntoRESUMO
This randomized clinical trial compared frequencies of exclusive breastfeeding and lactation-related problems during the first 30 days among 74 mothers who received a 30-minute counseling session on breastfeeding technique in the maternity ward, and 137 controls. The frequency of exclusive breastfeeding among mothers who had received intervention was similar to controls by 7 days (79.7% vs 82.5%, respectively) and 30 days (60.8% vs 53.3%). There was no difference between groups in the frequency of sore nipples at 7 and 30 days, in breast engorgement and mastitis, and in the quality of breastfeeding technique at 30 days. Therefore, a single intervention at maternity was not sufficient to improve breastfeeding technique, increase exclusive breastfeeding rates, and reduce the incidence of breastfeeding problems during the first month.
