Impact of palm kernel cake with or without multi-blend enzyme on the growth performance and carcass traits of Sasso broilers.

Non-conventional feeds help alleviate competition faced by the poultry industry as the prices of conventional poultry feed ingredients, are continually increasing. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of palm kernel cake (PKC) on the performance of Sasso X44 broiler chicks. Four hundred and fifty (450) unsexed 21-day-old broiler chicks of homogenous weight were randomly allocated to five dietary treatments in a completely randomized design with six replicates having 15 birds per replicate. Diets comprised the control, PKC0 (basal broiler diet), PKC10 (10% PKC diet), PKC10 + E (10% PKC diet+ 0.05% enzyme), PKC20 (20% PKC diet) and PKC20 + E (20% PKC diet + 0.05% enzyme). Data were collected on feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and carcase parameters. Results revealed that birds in the PKC10 + E group obtained improved (p < 0.05) FCR compared to the control group at the grower phase. At the finisher phase, the PKC20 + E group consumed more feed (p < 0.05), which was significantly different from the other groups except for the PKC10 + E group. Average daily body weight gain was highest for birds fed PKC10 + E diet, which, was significantly different (p < 0.05) from birds fed PKC20 diet. The percent dressed weight was significantly superior [p < 0.05) for birds fed PKC10 + E and PKC10 relative to PKC20. Sasso broilers could therefore benefit from a diet partially replaced with 10% palm kernel cake incorporated with multi-blend enzyme.

Use of Manihot esculenta leaves on physiological and production parameters of Sasso breeder hens.

BACKGROUND: The world population is increasing, leading to competition between humans and animals for the use of farm produce. The use of non-conventional resources in poultry feed is increasingly being explored. Cassava (Manihot esculenta) have been studied in layers and broilers feed. However, there is very little information on the impact of the leaves on breeder hens. OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to determine the effect of M. esculenta leaf meal (MELM) on breeder hen performance, hatching egg quality and blood parameters. METHODS: A total of 180 hens and 24 cocks Sasso breeders at 32 weeks of age were used and equally assigned into two dietary treatments having six replicates of 15 hens and two cocks each. The dietary treatments were basal diet supplemented with 0% MELM and basal diet supplemented with the MELM group (5% MELM). Data were collected on feed intake, egg production, feed conversion ratio as well as egg quality indices during the experiment. The blood samples were collected from 18 birds per treatment (three3 per replication) for the determination of total protein, uric acid, triglycerides and total cholesterol at 45th week of age. RESULTS: The results showed that there was no significant difference on the feed intake of the birds across the treatments. Average egg weight and egg production were higher with a lower (p < 0.05) feed conversion rate in the MELM group hens. Total protein, uric acids, total cholesterol and triglyceride level increased significantly (p < 0.05) in hens fed 5 % of MELM. The proportions of yolk, egg shell and Haugh unit showed no significant difference between the treatments, while the proportion of albumen and yolk colour increased significantly (p < 0.05) in the MELM group hens. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that 5% MELM can be used as feed ingredients in formulating breeder hen diets to improve productive performance.

Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Accumulation in Broiler Chickens and Heavy Metal Removal in Drinking Water using Moringa Oleifera Seeds in Lomé, Togo.

BACKGROUND: Heavy metals are persistent in the environment and can cause bioaccumulation in the food chain. Drinking water contamination by heavy metals can pose a risk to poultry and to human health. The need for affordable, reliable and effective methods of water treatment has led to the use of plants materials, including coagulants such as Moringa oleifera seeds, to ensure poultry products are safe for consumers. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of drinking water treatment by Moringa oleifera seed on the concentration and distribution of metals such as arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) in different parts of broilers chickens and theirs effects on consumer health. METHODS: A total number of 264 one-day old chickens (Cobb-500) were assigned to three treatments, with 22 birds in each treatment and replicated four times: untreated well water (UW), well water treated with Moringa oleifera seeds and filtered (MOF) and well water treated with Moringa oleifera seeds but unfiltered (MOU). Thirty birds were randomly chosen from different treatments and slaughtered at day 45 of the experiment and samples of livers, kidneys, gizzards and breasts were obtained and analyzed for toxic metals concentrations using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. RESULTS: The results indicated that the bioaccumulation of heavy metals was lower in MOF than those in UW and MOU. The target hazard quotient (THQ) for individual metals was below acceptable limits except for As and Pb in UW and MOU. The carcinogenic risk (TR) was estimated for each metal due to consumption of different types of chicken. CONCLUSIONS: Moringa oleifera seeds are an environmentally friendly natural coagulant and able to treat water containing undesirable heavy metal concentrations and ensure that poultry meat is safe for consumers. COMPETING INTERESTS: The authors declare no competing financial interests. ETHICS APPROVAL: This study was approved by the ethics Committee of the University of Lomé-Togo.