[Portal vein: variations of its branches (about 32 dissections)]. / Veine porte: mode de division et ses variantes A propos de 32 dissections.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to precise the variations of portal vein branches and also to elucidate anatomic basis of partial hepatectomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-two post-mortem specimens, with ages ranged from one day to sixty-five years in both two sexes, were dissected. Latex and Rhodopas were used for visualizing and drawing the portal vein course and its branches. RESULTS: Nine types of different variations of portal vein branches were observed. Most of cases were similar to those previously reported in literature. But four types must be especially noted, because they were not available in literature. DISCUSSION: this study updates the anatomy of portal vein and its tributaries, and also finds out four types of distribution which must be known by surgeons with regards to partial hepatectomy.

[Importance of the testicular artery: histo-functional approach and comparison between juvenile and adult rats]. / Valeur de l'artère testiculaire: approche histofonctionnelle et comparative chez le raton et le rat.

The aim of this study is to demonstrate the role of spermatic or testicular artery with regard to fertility. 100 male rats Sprague-Dawley, consisted of 50 young rats (aged from 10 to 12 days old) and 50 adult rats were concerned. Unilateral ligation of the testicular artery with delayed controlateral orchiectomy were performed in 20 young rats. Only unilateral orchiectomy was planned in 20 other young rats and the 10 remaining were the absolute control group. Mating was observed for 2 weeks after 14 weeks of life. In adult rats, 20 underwent a bilateral ligation and division of the spermatic artery while 20 others were submitted to unilateral ligation-division associated with controlateral orchiectomy in 20 others. The 10 remaining represented the control group. The mating period was 3 weeks. After sacrificing animals, results were noted with regard to histological features and fertility. Among young rats, 45% were fertile and had normal gonadal tissue. From adult rats, only 10 to 15% were fertile. Atrophic testes were observed in 55% of infertile young rats while acute inflammatory lesions were predominant in most of adults. We conclude that ligation or division of spermatic artery is responsible for histological changes thus occurring in infertility in young and adults rats.

[The uteropelvic junction in children: from the clinical problems to the morphogenetic approach]. / La jonction pyélourétérale chez l'enfant: de la problématique clinique à l'approche morphogénique.

The responsibility of the uteropelvic junction (UPJ) syndrome or abnormalities for renal affections and also for high obstructive uropathy is well-known. But, controversies still remain about the anatomic approach of this clinical feature. Our purpose is to elucidate the developmental anatomy of UPJ and eventually to set the steps of the anatomic approach of the UPJ abnormalities. This study also leads to a better understanding of the mechanism of the intrinsic ureteropelvic junction obstructions. A total number of 122 post-mortem specimens with ages ranging from 1 day to 30 months in both sexes underwent formalin treatment for histological investigation. We performed both transverse and longitudinal sections. Hematein-eosin-safran and Masson's trichrome staining were used. Histological examination revealed that myoarchitecture of UPJ set increasingly up. Circular muscle fibers were first to put in. They had an initial arrangement as a ring in neonates and infants. We conclude that circular layer appears first and sooner than others. On the other hand, coincidence in time between ages of our specimens and ages of patients sufferning from UPJ syndrome leads to further investigations to determine the implication of ring-shaped circular layer in intrinsic ureteropelvic junction obstruction.

[Anatomic study of arterial and venous cavernospongious shunt in the human penis: surgical findings]. / Etude anatomique des shunts artériels et veineux cavernospongieux du pénis humain: applications chirurgicales.

The vascularization of the penis corpora cavernosa and the corpus spongiosum of foetus, children and adults was studied via intra-vascular injection with gelatenous india ink. The microscopic vision of sagittal and transvers sections of the penis showed perforate deep arterial system of the cavernosa directly anastomosed the urethral submucosal arteries in order to establish the shunt between the corpora cavernous arteries and spongious arterial network. Those vascular connection systems of the penis provided well diffusion of the drugs.

[The left renal retro-aortic vein: report of three cases]. / La veine rénale gauche rétro-aortique: à propos de trois cas.

This study investigated the congenital retro-aortic left renal vein in three subjects, observed in dissection practice. Comparative morphometric analysis is made about vein and artery and their collaterals. The importance and the contribution of this left retro-aortic renal vein are discussed with reference to his embryologic and clinical aspect implication.

[The musculo-fascial graft from the elevator muscle of the anus. Importance for plastic surgery of the bladder in the treatment of obstetric vesico-vaginal fistulas]. / Le lambeau musculo-fascial du muscle élévateur de l'anus. Intérêt pour une plastie vésicale dans la crue des fistules vésico-vaginales obstetricales.

The levator ano-muscle and fascia are studied by females pelvis. The muscle is composed of three groups of fibres: the puborectalis muscle, the ilococcygeus and the ischiococcygeus muscles. The muscular fascial graft is dissected from the superior fibers of puborectalis muscle and placed in front of the lateral face of the bladder. In this regard, the anatomical and clinical knowledges are provided and morphometric and morphologic studies proposed this graft as the inter-vesico-vaginal plasty in treatment of vesico-vaginal fistulae.

[Venous vascularization of the heart in the African. Tributary veins of the coronary sinus]. / Vascularisation veineuse du coeur chez l'africain. Veines tributaires du sinus coronaire.

This anatomic study realized on 40 African adults hearts, studies the veins related to the coronary sinus. By using injection of the coronary arteries and corrosion of the myocardium, this study discovers certain particularities of the small coronary vein and of the posterior descending interventricular vein in Africans.

[Sinus node vascularization in the black African]. / Vascularisation du noeud sinusal chez le noir africain.

The aim of this study is to identify in 43 adults African hearts the different arteries of the sinus node. The method used is the injection corrosion technic of the coronary vessels. This study conclude that the right coronary system is the principal way of irrigation of sinus node in Africans (46.6% of cases).

[Coronary veins and coronary sinus tributary veins in Africans]. / Veines coronaires et veines tributaires du sinus coronaire l'Africain.

This anatomical study carried out on 40 African adults hearts studied branches of the coronary sinus. By using of injection of the coronary arteries and corrosion of the myocardium, the study identified certain peculiarities of the small coronary vein and the posterior descending interventricular vein in Africans.

[Vascularization of the sinus node in the Black African]. / Vascularisation du noeud sinusal chez le noir Africain.

The aim of this study is to identify in 43 adults african hearts the different arteries of the sinus node. The method used is the injection corrosion technique of the coronary vessels. The study concludes that the right coronary system is the principal way of irrigation of sinus node in Africans (46.6% of cases).

Maturation of the external urinary sphincter: a comparative histotopographic study in humans.

The developmental anatomy of the striated urinary sphincter remains controversial and is scantly documented in children. We compared its structure and configuration in the fetus, infant and adult to determine anatomical differences among these groups. We removed 25 postmortem specimens from fetuses, infants and children, which were fixed and stained for histological study. Ages ranged from 14 weeks of gestation to 12 years postpartum. Transverse and mid sagittal sections were obtained from the bladder neck to the membranous urethra in male and the whole urethra in female subjects. At the level of the membranous urethra in male and mid urethra in female subjects the striated muscle fibers completely encircle the urethra and join behind it to form a tail-like structure that runs posteriorly towards the perineal body. This structure is mid sagittal in male and mediolateral in female subjects. At 3 to 4 months of life, at the level of the bulbourethral glands the tail disappears; the striated sphincter becomes horseshoe-shaped and its 2 branches bifurcate posteriorly to envelop these glands. The urethral striated sphincter consists of scantly dispersed muscle fibers in the fetus. In young infants it becomes well defined in both sexes with the presence of a tail-like structure that characterizes this age group. In older subjects this tail disappears and the sphincter assumes a horseshoe or omega-shaped configuration as splitting of the sphincter progresses caudo-cranially with development. We attempt to determine whether the ring configuration of the voluntary sphincter contributes to high voiding pressures that are reported to occur in some newborns and infants.

Etude anatomique du canal arteriel chez l'enfant africain: a propos de 50 cas

Cinquante enfants (32 sexe feminin; 18 sexe masculin) nes a terme; morts a la naissance ont ete disseques en vue de determiner chez l'enfant africain les normes et les caracteristiques anatomiques du canal arteriel. Cette etude a permis de noter une particularite tenant a la naissance du canal arteriel a partir de l'artere pulmonaire gauche. Les autres parametres sont identiques a la litterature