Common and contrast determinants of peripheral artery disease and diabetic peripheral neuropathy in North Central Nigeria.

BACKGROUND: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) are two of the leading causes of non-traumatic amputation worldwide with tremendous negative effects on the quality of life, psychosocial well-being of persons with diabetes mellitus; and a great burden on health care expenditure. It is therefore imperative, to identify the common and contrast determinants of PAD and DPN in order to ease adoption of common and specific strategies for their early prevention. METHODS: This was a multi-center cross-sectional study which involved the consecutive enrolment of one thousand and forty (1040) participants following consent and waiver of ethical approval. Relevant medical history, anthropometric measurements, other clinical examinations including measurement of ankle-brachial index (ABI) and neurological examinations were undertaken. IBM SPSS version 23 was used for statistical analysis and logistic regression was used to assess for the common and contrast determinants of PAD and DPN. Significance level used was p < 0.05. RESULTS: Multiple stepwise logistic regression showed that common predictors of PAD vs DPN respectively include age, odds ratio (OR) 1.51 vs 1.99, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.18-2.34 vs 1.35-2.54, p = 0.033 vs 0.003; duration of DM (OR 1.51 vs 2.01, CI 1.23-1.85 vs 1.00-3.02, p = <.001 vs 0.032); central obesity (OR 9.77 vs 1.12, CI 5.07-18.82 vs 1.08-3.25, p = <.001 vs 0.047); poor SBP control (OR 2.47 vs 1.78, CI 1.26-4.87 vs 1.18-3.31, p = .016 vs 0.001); poor DBP control (OR 2.45 vs 1.45, CI 1.24-4.84 vs 1.13-2.59, p = .010 vs 0.006); poor 2HrPP control (OR 3.43 vs 2.83, CI 1.79-6.56 vs 1.31-4.17, p = <.001 vs 0.001); poor HbA1c control (OR 2.59 vs 2.31, CI 1.50-5.71 vs 1.47-3.69, p = <.001 vs 0.004). Common negative predictors or probable protective factors of PAD and DPN respectively include statins (OR 3.01 vs 2.21, CI 1.99-9.19 vs 1.45-3.26, p = .023 vs 0.004); and antiplatelets (OR 7.14 vs 2.46, CI 3.03-15.61 vs 1.09-5.53, p = .008 vs 0.030). However, only DPN was significantly predicted by female gender (OR 1.94, CI 1.39-2.25, p = 0.023), height (OR 2.02, CI 1.85-2.20, p = 0.001), generalized obesity (OR 2.02, CI 1.58-2.79, p = 0.002), and poor FPG control (OR 2.43, CI 1.50-4.10, p = 0.004) CONCLUSION: Common determinants of PAD and DPN included age, duration of DM, central obesity, and poor control of SBP, DBP, and 2HrPP control. Additionally, the use of antiplatelets and statins use were common inverse determinants of PAD and DPN which means they may help protect against PAD and DPN. However, only DPN was significantly predicted by female gender, height, generalized obesity, and poor control of FPG.

Outcome of mammography examination in asymptomatic women.

Background: Early detection of breast cancer is important in reducing mortality, morbidity, and high socioeconomic burden associated with it. Mammography is currently the primary imaging modality used as a screening tool to detect early breast cancer in women experiencing no symptoms as they are most curable in the early stage with availability of breast conservative therapies. Objective: This study aimed at determining the mammographic breast density patterns and outcome in asymptomatic women who presented for mammographic examination in Abuja. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study comprises of 113 asymptomatic women who presented for mammographic examination at the Radiology Department of University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada from March 2015 to December 2018. Two basic views (craniocaudal and mediolateral views) of the breast were obtained using EXR-650 mammographic machine. Results: The mean age of study population was 40.72 ± 10.45 years with age range of 35 and 65 years. Base on mammographic breast density, breast imaging, reporting, and data system 1 and 2 were the most prevalent. There was a positive correlation between mammographic breast density and age of respondents. This relationship was statistically significant (Pearson correlation = 0.56, P = 0.000). The mammographic outcome among asymptomatic women who had mammographic examination was negative in 69 (61.1%) women and positive in 44 (38.9%). The positive outcome noted in mammograms of women examined was: benign mass in 18 (15.9%) women; 9 (8.0%) had benign calcification; 7 (6.2%) showed architectural distortion; 5 (4.4%) was inconclusive; focal asymmetry in 3 (2.6%); and suspicious mass in 2 (1.8%). Conclusion: In this study, screening of women reveals various benign and malignant breast pathologies which necessitate early interventions.

RésuméContexte: La détection précoce du cancer du sein est importante pour réduire la mortalité, la morbidité et le fardeau socioéconomique élevé qui en découlent. La mammographie est actuellement la principale modalité d'imagerie utilisée comme outil de dépistage pour détecter le cancer du sein précoce chez les femmes qui ne présentent aucun symptôme, car la maladie est facilement curable au stade précoce avec des thérapies qui favorisent la bonne conservation du sein. Objectif: Cette étude vise à déterminer les modèles de densités mammaires de mammographie et les résultats chez les femmes asymptomatiques qui se sont présentées pour la mammographie à Abuja. Matériels et méthodes: Cette étude transversale descriptive comprend 113 femmes asymptomatiques qui ont subi une mammographie au département Radiologie de l'hôpital universitaire d'Abuja, Gwagwalada de mars 2015 à décembre 2018. Deux type de vues de base (vues cranio-caudale et médio-latérale) ont été obtenues en utilisant deux appareils de mammographie de type EXR 650. Résultats: L'âge moyen de la population étudiée était de 40,72 ± 10,45 ans avec une tranche d'âge de 35 à 65 ans. Sur la base de la densité mammaire de la mammographie, l'image mammaire, les rapports et les systèmes de donnée 1 et 2 étaient les plus répandus. Il y avait une corrélation positive entre la densité mammaire de la mammographie et l'âge des répondantes. Cette relation était statistiquement significative (corrélation de Pearson = 0,56, P = 0,000). Le résultat de la mammographie des femmes asymptomatiques était négatif chez 69 femmes (61,1%) et positif chez 44 (38,9%). Le résultat positif obtenu était comme suit: masse bénigne chez 18 femmes (15,9%); une calcification bénigne chez 9 (8,0%); 7 (6,2%) montraient une distorsion architecturale; 5 (4,4%) n'étaient pas concluants; une asymétrie focale chez 3 (2,6%); et une masse suspecte chez 2 (1,8%) femmes. Conclusion: Cette étude de dépistage chez les femmes révèle diverses pathologies mammaires bénignes et malignes qui nécessitent des interventions précoces.

Ultrasound derived-parameters and symptom severity scores as noninvasive predictors of bladder outlet obstruction in patients with benign prostatic enlargem

Introduction: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is common in men over 50 years and causes lower urinary tract (LUT) symptoms. There is an emerging need to explore the value of utilizing ultrasound (US)-derived parameters of the LUT as noninvasive predictors of the degree of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) from BPH and determine if they correlate with the symptom severity observed in these patients. This study aimed to determine the utility of US-derived parameters of the LUT (prostate volume [PV], bladder wall thickness [BWT], and postvoid residual volume [PVR]) in predicting severity of BOO and correlating them with the symptom severity scores ­ International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and quality of life (QoL) ­ in patients with BPH in our practice.Methodology: We prospectively studied 100 newly diagnosed patients with symptomatic BPH who presented to the urology outpatient clinic and were referred to the radiology department for transabdominal scan of the urinary bladder and prostate. The patients' age, IPSS, and QoL and their BWT1 (full bladder), BWT2 (empty bladder), PV, and PVR were measured using transabdominal US scan. Correlation was done using Pearson's correlation coefficient, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: The mean age of the participants was 60 years. The mean BTW1 and BTW2 were 4.66 mm and 25.80 mm, respectively. The mean IPSS was 16, with a majority (42%) having severe symptoms. There is a negative insignificant correlation between PVR and BTW2 (r = −0.053, P = 0.603). There is a weak but statistically insignificant correlation between QoL and BWT. There is a weak but insignificant correlation between PV and IPSS (r = 0.193, P = 0.055). There is a weak but insignificant correlation between IPSS and BWT. There is a moderate and statistically significant correlation between IPSS and PVR (r = 0.350, P < 0.001).Conclusion: In our patients, we found that BWT had an insignificant correlation with QoL and a negative correlation with PVR, respectively. We could show, however, that in them, PVR and IPSS were significantly correlated