[State and trait anxiety level and increase of depression among mothers of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder. pilot study]. / Poziom leku jako stanu i jako cechy oraz nasilenie depresji u matek dzieci z zespolem nadpobudliwosci psychoruchowej i zaburzeniami zachowania - doniesienie wstepne.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate anxiety level (as a trait and as a state) and the intensity of depressive symptoms in mothers of children with hyperkinetic disorder (HD) and with and without comorbid conduct disorder (CD); to determine the relationship between the intensity of anxiety and depression and intensity of symptoms of HD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and STAI questionnaire to measure state-trait anxiety were filled by 24 mothers of children with HD and 26 mothers of children without HD. Mothers of children with HD were also asked to complete the Conners Questionnaire for Parents and Teachers (IOWA). Teachers were asked to complete the Conners Questionnaire for Teachers (RCTS). RESULTS: 75% of HD subjects had a comorbid CD, in comparison with 19.2 % in the control group. No significant differences were found between the mothers of children with HD and the control group in the results of BDI scale and STAI questionnaire in anxiety state and anxiety trait subscales. The difference was found between mothers of children with CD and without CD in anxiety-state subscale in STAI questionnaire. No correlations were found between the number of depressive symptoms, anxiety as a state and as a trait and the results of Conners IOWA and RCTS. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of HD in children does not correlate with the level of depression and anxiety in their mothers. There is a relationship between the presence of CD in children and elevated levels of state anxiety in their mothers.

[Self-esteem of boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder - pilot study]. / Samoocena chlopców z zespolem nadpobudliwosci psychoruchowej i zaburzen koncentracji uwagi - doniesienie wstepne.

AIM: To compare the self concept of boys with ADHD and health subjects; to determine which symptoms ofADHD, oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) or conduct disorder (CD) have the greatest impact on self-concept. METHOD: Polish version of The Harter Self-Esteem Questionnaire (HSEQ) was filled by boys with ADHD and control group. In addition, a diagnosis of ODD and CD was made in ADHD group. RESULTS: A significant difference was observed between boys with ADHD and control group on the following scales of HSEQ: Global Self-Esteem Subscale, Social Acceptance Subscale and Scholastic Performance Subscale. No significant influence of the quantity and intensity of ADHD and ODD symptoms on self-esteem was found. A significant correlation was indicated between all scales of HSEQ and quantity and intensity of symptoms ofADHD. CONCLUSIONS: Boys with ADHD have lower self-esteem than their healthy peers and their global self-esteem, social acceptance and school skills are most affected. The presence of conduct disorder (CD) had the greatest impact on the decrease of self esteem in ADHD group.

Adolescent outcome of child ADHD in primary care setting: stability of diagnosis.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to assess the functioning of patients with ADHD 6 to 7 years after the diagnosis. One objective was to determine the stability of diagnosis, symptoms decline, subtype change, remission, and change of diagnosis. METHOD: In all, 101 participants were chosen for testing. All were interviewed for the presence of ADHD and social, academic, and peer functioning, and completed Youth Self-Report. The caregivers completed a Wender Utah Rating Scale and Child Behavior Checklist, and were asked to assess the social, academic, and peer functioning of their offspring. RESULTS: A total of 56% (n = 57) still met the criteria for ADHD and 24.7% (n = 25) still met the criteria for hyperkinetic disorder (HKD). Subtype migration was observed. In all, 7.7% (n = 14) were rediagnosed with Asperger's syndrome, 2.2% (n = 4) received a diagnosis of bipolar disorder, 2.2% (n = 4) were diagnosed with mental retardation, 1 with schizophrenia, and 1 with genetic disorder. CONCLUSION: The reliability of diagnosis was high. The rates of all subtypes of ADHD decreased. More measures need to be taken in terms of differential diagnosis of ADHD and Asperger's Syndrome.

[Parental corporal punishment in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity syndrome]. / Karanie fizyczne dzieci z zespolem nadpobudliwosci psychoruchowej przez ich rodziców.

AIM: The aim of this study was to assess the frequency and causes of corporal punishment in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in comparison with the general population and to evaluate methods of prevention applied in The Department of Child Psychiatry in Warsaw. METHOD: 82 parents of children with ADHD participating in the Parental Training Programme were asked to fill in an anonymous questionnaire concerning corporal punishment. RESULTS: 95% parents abuse their children physically. ADHD in parents and co-occurrence of ADHD symptoms in children influence punishment frequency. Parents with ADHD, in comparison with parents without ADHD use more serious types of physical punishment. After the Parental Training Programme 72% parents used other kinds of punishment. CONCLUSIONS: Parental corporal punishment in children with ADHD is not uncommon. The efficacy of psychoeducation in the examined area seems to be very promising.

Una comparación de la eficacia del análisis de los pensamientos automáticos en un marco individual y grupal: Informe preliminal / A comparison of effectiveness of analysis of the authomatic thoughts in individual and group settings: Preliminary report

El objetivo de este estudio fue hacer una comparación de la eficacia y la economía de la terapia focalizada en el análisis de los pensamientos automáticos registrados en marco de Terapia Comportamental Cognitiva individual y grupal. Doce pacientes admitidos en la Unidad de Trastornos Afectivos fueron asignados azar en dos grupos equivalentes: Terapia de Grupo Coportamental-Cognitiva (TGCC) o Terapia individual Comportamental-Cognitiva (TICC). Cada participante tomó parte en seis sesiones consecutivas de 90 minutos de grupo abierto o en 60 minutos de terapia individual; en ambos casos el foco estuvo en el registro de los pensamientos automáticos. Los síntomas depresivos fueron evaluados con el HAM-D y el BDI (Inventario de Depresión de Beck). De acuerdo a los resultados, la terapia de grupo (TGCC) pareciera ser más efectiva en términos de los puntajes evaluados en el HAM-D y menos costosa que la terapia individual (TICC) para el tratamiento de la depresión. Se presentan conclusiones para futuras investigaciones.

Una comparación de la eficacia del análisis de los pensamientos automáticos en un marco individual y grupal: Informe preliminal / A comparison of effectiveness of analysis of the authomatic thoughts in individual and group settings: Preliminary report

El objetivo de este estudio fue hacer una comparación de la eficacia y la economía de la terapia focalizada en el análisis de los pensamientos automáticos registrados en marco de Terapia Comportamental Cognitiva individual y grupal. Doce pacientes admitidos en la Unidad de Trastornos Afectivos fueron asignados azar en dos grupos equivalentes: Terapia de Grupo Coportamental-Cognitiva (TGCC) o Terapia individual Comportamental-Cognitiva (TICC). Cada participante tomó parte en seis sesiones consecutivas de 90 minutos de grupo abierto o en 60 minutos de terapia individual; en ambos casos el foco estuvo en el registro de los pensamientos automáticos. Los síntomas depresivos fueron evaluados con el HAM-D y el BDI (Inventario de Depresión de Beck). De acuerdo a los resultados, la terapia de grupo (TGCC) pareciera ser más efectiva en términos de los puntajes evaluados en el HAM-D y menos costosa que la terapia individual (TICC) para el tratamiento de la depresión. Se presentan conclusiones para futuras investigaciones.(AU)