RESUMO
Pediatric community nursing has evolved and changed throughout the last 50 years. This article follows the development of pediatric nursing as a specialty area within public health and shows its impact on nursing practice, care provision, and health policy determination. This article also traces the influence of earlier methods of care provision on current trends within pediatric nursing today.
Assuntos
Enfermagem em Saúde Comunitária/história , Enfermagem Pediátrica/história , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Enfermagem em Saúde Comunitária/organização & administração , Feminino , Política de Saúde/história , História do Século XX , Humanos , Masculino , Mississippi , Saúde Pública/históriaRESUMO
Headache, a frequent occurrence during childhood, can have a number of etiologies. Most headaches are benign, but all require appropriate assessment. Common types include sinusitis, migraine, and muscle contraction (tension). Headache assessment includes both history and physical examination. The headache history consists of the history of present illness, past history, family history, and environmental and social history. Physical examination begins with general observation and vital sign measurement and proceeds to specific inspection of the head, neck, and facial structures. The nursing interventions carried out are dependent on the interpretation of assessment findings. Pharmacologic interventions, commonly acetaminophen or ibuprofen, may be appropriate if pain management protocols exist. Nonpharmacologic strategies for headache relief include reassurance, rest, ingestion of simple and complex carbohydrate foods, relaxation exercises, or home care. Children with migraine headaches benefit from specific interventions, and children exhibiting headache warning signs should have emergency measures instituted.
Assuntos
Cefaleia , Transtornos de Enxaqueca , Serviços de Enfermagem Escolar , Acetaminofen/uso terapêutico , Adolescente , Fatores Etários , Analgésicos não Narcóticos/uso terapêutico , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Emergências , Feminino , Cefaleia/diagnóstico , Cefaleia/tratamento farmacológico , Cefaleia/terapia , Humanos , Ibuprofeno/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Transtornos de Enxaqueca/diagnóstico , Transtornos de Enxaqueca/tratamento farmacológico , Transtornos de Enxaqueca/terapia , Medição da Dor , Terapia de Relaxamento , Descanso , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
A literature review was conducted to ascertain the state of the art of nursing research and theory development in adolescent health. A conceptual framework and data collection tool were developed to guide evaluation of the research reports. Adolescent health literature reported within the past 10 years (June 1982 to June 1992) was reviewed. Of 124 adolescent health articles identified in literature searches, 46.0% (n = 57) met inclusion criteria and were included in the literature review. A developmental approach, which included the purposes of theory and research (Chinn & Jacobs, 1987), was used to determine the state of the art of nursing research and theory development. Nursing research and theory development in adolescent health were determined to be at a level between adolescence and young adulthood, reflecting beginning maturity.
