[The spa-health resort and touristic-recreational facilities of the region: the methodological aspects of their development]. / Sanatorno-kurortnyi i turistsko-rekreatsionnyi kompleksy regiona: metodologicheskie aspekty evolyutsii.

UNLABELLED: The correction and optimization of the motor activity of the patients are currently the main priorities of all rehabilitative and recreational activities based at the spa and health resort facilities. The forms of such activities include walking tours and excursion trips. In other words, the excursion potential is one of the very important attributes of the recreational recourses. Under the current conditions characterized by the rapid socio-economic changes, the studies concerning the structural and functional transformation of spa and health resorts, recreational and tourist facilities acquire special importance, both from the humanitarian and economic points of view. The results of these studies may greatly contribute to the organization and the further development of rehabilitative and recreational activities based at the spa and health resort facilities, recreational and tourist centers taking into consideration their evolution. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The objective of the present article is to analyze the structure and functions of the recreation and tourist centres as well as the modes of their cooperation with the spa and health resort facilities. In other words, these structures and their functions are both the object and the subject of the present study. The methodology of the study is based on the logical analysis of the development of the recreational and tourist systems in the framework of the evolutionary approach. RESULTS: (1) the notions of «tourist destination¼ and «recreation¼ have been substantiated; (2) the results of the studies carried out at the Institute of Physical Culture, Sports and Tourism and the Petrozavodsk State University have been used to elaborate the affiliate international Master Degree program «Project management in the tourism industry¼. The main emphasis in this program is placed on the necessity and methods of the improvement of recreational activities and more efficacious utilization of the climatic factors and the health resort infrastructure as well as personnel training for the sake of improvement of services to the visitors. CONCLUSION: The analysis of various aspects of recreation and tourism development has demonstrated that the services provided by the recreational and tourist systems in cooperation with the health resort infrastructure open up new employment opportunities and thus reduce the risk of social tension. The prospects for the continuation of investigations along these lines are associated with the extension of the recreational and touristic activities over the rural and countryside localities with special reference to the trans-border interactions as well as specific features of the tourist and recreational resources of the given regions and territories.

[ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK AT 3,5 MONTH-LIFE CHILD (Case report).]

The article presents a clinical case of severe anaphylactic reaction to first introduced as complementary foods in the diet of the 3.5 months-life child formula based on cow milk.protein. Issues for discussion: the distribution of anaphylactic reactions in children, especially early age, causes, clinical features and the complex life-saving activities.

[Tick-borne encephalitis with fulminant course and lethal outcome in patients after plural vaccination].

In the Kurgan region, the Siberian subtype of the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is dominant. The vaccines prepared from Far-Eastern TBEV subtype are used in this area. Among TBE patients in 2007-2011, 23.79% were vaccinated according to complete or incomplete course. 76.9% of persons were vaccinated with Encevir vaccine, Tomsk. An unusual focal form of TBE with fulminant disease with lethal outcome was developed in a patient who was vaccinated 6 times with heterotype vaccines produced using the strains of the Far-Eastern TBE subtype. Inoculation of immunoglobulin in hospital produced aggravation of clinical symptoms, development of convulsions, brain oedema, and respiratory distress syndrome. The disease continues only 55 hours from first symptoms to fatal outcome. Siberian subtype of TBEV was isolated from patient spinal cord (Kurgan-118-2010 strain). Possible mechanisms of this disease are discussed.

[Quality of life in women with small pelvic varicosity].

We surveyed a total of one hundred and ninety women presenting with small pelvic varicose veins (SPVIV). The chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) was revealed in nearly a quarter of the examined patients (24.7 %). The women's quality of life was assessed using the SF-36 questionnaire as a more integrative parameter, having demonstrated that women presenting with SPVV had a substantial decrease in all the components of both physical health and mental well-being. The obtained findings have strongly suggested the necessity of carrying out secondary prevention in women suffering from SPVV, even if there are no clinically pronounced manifestations of the disease.

In vitro anticancer screening of South African plants.

AIM OF THE STUDY: The purpose of the present study is to evaluate South African plants for their anticancer activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Plant species were collected throughout South Africa and voucher specimens were deposited and identified at the South African National Biodiversity Institute. Plant extracts were prepared and screened for in vitro anticancer activity against a panel of three human cell lines (breast MCF7, renal TK10 and melanoma UACC62) at the CSIR. Plant extracts that exhibited anticancer activity against these three human cell lines were screened by the NCI against sixty human cancer cell lines organized into sub-panels representing leukaemia, melanoma, cancer of the lung, colon, kidney, ovary, central nervous system, breast and prostate. RESULTS: A total of 7500 plant extracts were screened for in vitro anticancer activity against breast MCF7, renal TK10 and melanoma UACC62 human cell lines between the period 1999 and 2006. Hits were classified into four categories based on their total growth inhibition of the cell lines. A hit rate of 5.9% was obtained for extracts which showed moderate activity and these were screened by the NCI against a panel of sixty human cancer cell lines. The extracts of plant species with limited published information for their anticancer properties were subjected to bioassay-guided fractionation and the active constituents isolated and identified. The largest number of plant specimens in this study was from the family Asteraceae, which is rich in sesquiterpene lactones. CONCLUSIONS: Although the extracts of the plants were randomly selected, 68% of these plant species which were hits in the screening programme are reported to be used medicinally. Based on our data, it appears that unrelated medicinal use of the source plants may serve as an initial guide to selection of plants for anticancer screening.

[Technical characteristics and diagnostic capabilities of low-field magnetic resonance tomographs TMR-0,06-KFTI].

The construction, performance, technical characteristics, and prospects for upgrading the low-field magnetic resonance tomograph TMR-0,06-KFTI with magnetic field induction 0.06 T developed at the Kazan Institute of Engineering Physics are described. The engineering solutions and software of the tomograph are original developments of the project team. Tomographs TMR-0,06-KFTI have been successfully used in clinical practice in Naberezhnye Chelny since 2002 and Bugulma since 2005.

[Effect of culinary processing on activity of protheolytic enzyme inhibitors in grain beans].

In article the activity of inhibitors of treepsin of a grain string bean dissolved in water and physiological solution is investigated at various ways of culinary processing. Step cooking is carried to the most perspective ways of hydrothermal processing. The subsequent freezing to the maximum reduces activity of inhibitors of treepsin.

[Results of testing of MINISKAN mobile gamma-ray camera and specific features of its design].

The main results of engineering, biomedical, and clinical testing of MINISKAN mobile gamma-ray camera are presented. Specific features of the camera hardware and software, as well as the main technical specifications, are described. The gamma-ray camera implements a new technology based on reconstructive tomography, aperture encoding, and digital processing of signals.

[Features of colonic fixation in children with chronic abdominal pain]. / Osobennosti fiksatsii tolstoi kishki u detei s khronicheskimi boliami v zhivote.

Complex examination (clinical, rentegenological, endorectal ultrasonography and colodynamic investigations) of 73 children with chronic pains in the abdomen has shown that the cause of the disease might be the impaired fixation of the colon. Four main variants of the abnormal position of the colon in the abdominal cavity are determined which manifested themselves as a combination of pain syndrome with constipation. They are: "moving" blind gut, right-sided colonoptosis, total colonoptosis and the Payr syndrome. Most frequently the abdominal pains as well as their combination with constipation were noted in children with the Payr syndrome. The treatment was started with conservative measures directed to cupping the pain syndrome and elimination of intestinal stasis. The conservative therapy was effective in 75% of cases. The indication for surgical correction of the wrong fixation of the colon were: pronounced pain syndrome not cupped by conservative methods and deterioration of the quality of life of the patient. Surgical correction of the impairment of fixation of the colon was fulfilled on 10 patients. Good immediate and long-term results were obtained in 8 of them. If the cause of constipation was intumescence of the internal sphincter of the anus, the first step of surgery was internal sphincterotomy after Lynn (7 patients).

[Results of study of a combined focus of leptospirosis and hantavirus infection in the Primor'e territory]. / Rezul'taty issledovaniia sochetannogo ochaga leptospiroza i khantavirusnoi infektsii v Primor'e.

Survey of the circulation and spread of causative agents of the infection among wild rodents may predict the activation of an epizootic process and the aggravation of an epidemic situation. The status of a combined focus of leptospirosis and hantavirus infection in the Primorye Territory was studied. It was found that mixed infection may run in pocket mice (Phascogalinae) under natural conditions.

Fusion hybrids with macrophage and melanoma cells up-regulate N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V, beta1-6 branching, and metastasis.

It was shown previously that a majority of hybrids produced by in vitro fusion of normal macrophages with Cloudman S91 melanoma cells displayed enhanced metastatic potential in vivo, increased motility in vitro, increased ability to produce melanin, and responsiveness to melanocyte stimulating hormone compared with the parental Cloudman S91 melanoma cells. These hybrids also showed altered N-glycosylation consistent with a slower migration pattern of lysosome-associated membrane protein (LAMP-1) on electrophoretic gels. Because LAMP-1 is the major carrier of polylactosamine sugar structures, and synthesis of this complex sugar moiety indicates the extent of beta1,6 branch formation by beta1,6-N-acetyl-glucosaminyltransferase V (GnT-V), we analyzed the expression of GnT-V and beta1,6 branching in highly metastatic macrophage-fusion hybrids and compared with poorly metastatic ones. GnT-V was up-regulated in regard to both mRNA levels and enzymatic activity specifically in metastatic hybrids as well as parental macrophages compared with weakly metastatic hybrids and parental melanoma cells. Macrophages and metastatic hybrids also showed increased binding of the lectin L-phytohemagglutinin, which specifically binds to the beta1,6-branched sugar moiety. In addition, in metastatic hybrids there was increased cell surface expression of LAMP-1 and beta1 integrin, two prominent substrates for GnT-V also known to be associated with metastasis. Finally, exposure of metastatic hybrids in vitro to L-phytohemagglutinin or LAMP-1 completely eliminated melanocyte stimulating hormone/ isobutylmethyl xanthine-induced motility, suggesting a role for GnT-V in the motility of these cells. In summary, macrophage fusion with melanoma cells often increased metastatic potential, which was associated with enhanced expression of GnT-V and beta1,6-branching in glycoproteins. It is suggested that the known correlation with elevated GnT-V in both human and animal metastasis could, at least in some cases, reflect previous fusion of tumor cells with tumor-infiltrating macrophages, which, similar to malignant cells, show elevated expression of GnT-V and beta1,6-branched polylactosamines.

A spontaneous murine melanoma lung metastasis comprised of host x tumor hybrids.

Cells from a lung metastasis, arising from Cloudman S91 melanoma cells implanted s.c. in the tail of a BALB/c nu/nu mouse, were comprised chiefly of host x tumor hybrids. These lung metastasis cells showed: (a) 30-40% increased DNA content; (b) resistance to 10(-4) M hypoxanthine, 4 x 10(-7) M aminopterin, and 1.6 x 10(-5) M thymidine (HAT) + G418; and (c) the presence in genomic DNA of genes for both wt and albino tyrosinase, reflecting the DBA/2J (Cloudman S91) and BALB/c mouse genotypes, respectively. Individual clones of lung metastasis cells expressed enhanced pigmentation, motility, and responsiveness to MSH/IBMX, a behavior similar to that recently reported for artificially generated melanoma x macrophage fusion hybrids. These similarities suggested that the host fusion partner generating the lung metastasis hybrids might have been a macrophage, although formal proof for this was not possible. The results provide the first direct evidence that host x tumor hybridization could serve as an initiating mechanism for melanoma metastasis.

[Dynamics of interferon induction in albino mice by interferon inducer ridostin administered by various routes]. / Izuchenie dinamiki interferonoobrazovaniia v organizme belykh myshei pri razlichnykh putiakh vvedeniia induktora interferona ridostina.

The time dependence of interferon production in blood, tissues of the respiratory tract, brain and olfactory tract of mice BALB/c was investigated after administration of the interferon inductor ridostin by various routes. Intraperitoneal injection of ridostin in a dose of 5 mg/kg induced intensive accumulation of interferon in the blood serum with the peak in 8 hours (2560 U/0.2 ml) while no interferon was detected in the tissues of the respiratory tract and brain of the animals. Intracerebral injection of ridostin in the same dose induced accumulation of interferon in both the tissues of the brain (maximum 160 U/0.2 ml in 24 hours) and the blood serum (maximum 1280 U/0.2 ml in 8 hours). After respiratory administration of ridostin interferon was detected only in the site of the administration in the tissues of the upper respiratory tract and lungs of the mice.

Melanoma x macrophage fusion hybrids acquire increased melanogenesis and metastatic potential: altered N-glycosylation as an underlying mechanism.

We recently reported that a majority of hybrids generated in vitro between weakly metastatic mouse Cloudman S91 melanoma cells and human or mouse macrophages showed enhanced metastatic potential. With few exceptions, hybrids with enhanced metastatic potential also had elevated basal melanin content and increased responsiveness to MSH compared to parental cells. Here we investigated the hybrid melanotic phenotype in more detail, comparing the pigmentary systems of hybrids and parental Cloudman S91 cells by several techniques. Cells were studied by electron microscopy, cell lysates were analyzed for tyrosinase (E.C.1.14.18.1) activity, and melanosomal proteins were analyzed by gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. Melanosomes in parental Cloudman melanoma cells were few in number and relatively amorphous, whereas those in the hybrids were numerous and heavily pigmented, containing highly organized lattice structures. Both basal and MSH-inducible tyrosinase activities were elevated several fold in hybrids compared to parental cells. Tyrosinase, TRP-2, and LAMP-1 from hybrids migrated more slowly on gels compared to the same proteins from parental melanoma cells, consistent with increased glycosylation. Migration of LAMP-1 from hybrids was similar to that from peritoneal macrophages, which also appeared to be more heavily glycosylated than LAMP-1 from Cloudman cells. By using 3H-glucosamine as a marker of N-glycosylation, its incorporation into tyrosinase and LAMP-1 was found to be elevated in hybrids, suppressed by N-glycosylation inhibitors, and stimulated by MSH to a greater degree in hybrids compared to parental cells. These results indicate N-glycosylation as an important regulatory pathway for MSH-induced melanogenesis and further suggest that altered N-linked glycosylation may be an underlying mechanism for regulation of both melanogenesis and metastasis in macrophage x melanoma hybrids.

[Some pathogenetic characteristics of influenza infection in white mice]. / Nekotorye patogeneticheskie kharakteristiki grippoznoi infektsii u belykh myshei.

Influenza virus strain A/Aichi/2/68 replicated only in the lungs, nasal cavity, and trachea after intranasal challenge of white mice weighing 14-16 g. Rapid accumulation of the virus was associated with a somewhat delayed accumulation of endogenous interferon in the lungs, the concentration of interferon gradually decreasing by the end of the disease. An appreciable accumulation of the virus in the nasal cavity was coupled with weak interferon induction in this organ. On the other hand, a high level of interferon in the blood was concomitant with the development of slight sporadic viraemia.

[Neutrophil granulocyte function in an acute experiment with cyclophosphane]. / Osobennosti funktsionirovaniia neitrofil'nykh granulotsitov v ostrom éksperimente s tsiklofosfanom.

Experiments of mice F1(CBAx57BL) were made to study cyclophosphamide effects on the number of circulating neutrophil granulocytes (NG) and on their main functions (receptor, phagocytic, function of microbicidal systems). NG count, the number of NG carrying receptors to sheep red cells, complementary EAC=POH, phagocytic and digestive activities and NBT-test were measured 15 and 60 min after administration of small (0.5 mg/kg) and large (150 mg/kg) doses of cyclophosphamide. The results suggest clear dose- and time-related effect of the drug which can induce both depression and stimulation. The data obtained can be utilized in developing approaches to prevention of complications caused by NG dysfunctions in immunosuppressive therapy of tumors, lymphoproliferative diseases, organ and tissue transplantation.

Isotope anomalies of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen in peat from the area of the tunguska cosmic body explosion (1908).

Abstract Peat profiles from the area of the Tunguska explosion epicentre indicate significant carbon and hydrogen isotopic effects which are clearly associated with the zone of the 1908 "catastrophe", and which cannot be attributed to any known terrestrial processes. We explain them with the presence of extraterrestrial matter similar to carbonaceous chondrites or, more probably, to cometary matter. Initial data on nitrogen content and its isotope composition are consistent with the assumption of acid rainfall following the passage and explosion of the Tunguska cosmic body, as is known to have occurred during the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary.