RESUMO
Anal fistula (AF) is a common referral to colorectal surgeons. Management remains challenging and sometimes controversial. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is commonly performed in initial workup for AF. However, reports often lack key information for guiding treatment strategies. It has been shown that with structured radiology reports, there is less missing information. We present a structured MRI template report including 8 key descriptors of anal fistulas, whose effectiveness and acceptability are being assessed in a cross-sectional study (NCT04541238).
Assuntos
Canal Anal , Fístula Retal , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Fístula Retal/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
AIM: Surgical treatment of high anal fistulas is associated with the potential risk of faecal incontinence and recurrence. The primary aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of three-dimensional endoanal ultrasound (3D-EAUS) in the assessment of height and type of anal fistulas, compared to the intra-operative findings (gold standard). The secondary aim was to evaluate the inter-observer reproducibility of 3D-EAUS. METHOD: The study design was a prospective analysis of retrospective data. 299 patients (202 men), mean age 45.3 years, who underwent surgery for anal fistulas, were included. All patients were preoperatively assessed by 3D-EAUS. Two readers independently reviewed the volumes to determine the type and height of fistulas. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, proportion of agreements and Cohen's kappa coefficient (κ) were calculated for both examiners. Ultrasound findings were compared with intra-operative data (reference standard), evaluated blindly by the surgeons. RESULTS: At surgery, 201 (67%) were transsphincteric, 49 (16%) suprasphincteric, 47 (16%) intersphincteric and two (1%) extrasphincteric fistulas. Intra-operatively, 177 (59%) were low and 122 (41%) high fistulas. The overall accuracy of 3D-EAUS was 91% for fistula type (271/299 fistulas: 97% transsphincteric, 100% intersphincteric, 57% suprasphincteric, 0% extrasphincteric) and 92% for fistula height (275/299 fistulas: 80% high and 100% low). Both readers reported very good agreement with surgery in the assessment of fistula type (proportion of agreement 0.88, κ = 0.89) and height (proportion of agreement 0.90, κ = 0.91). CONCLUSIONS: 3D-EAUS is an accurate and reproducible modality for the assessment of type and height of anal fistulas.
Assuntos
Endossonografia/estatística & dados numéricos , Imageamento Tridimensional/estatística & dados numéricos , Fístula Retal/diagnóstico por imagem , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Canal Anal/diagnóstico por imagem , Endossonografia/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento Tridimensional/métodos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Variações Dependentes do Observador , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Estudos Prospectivos , Fístula Retal/patologia , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The presence of endometriosis in the anal canal and perianal tissues is rare and difficult to suspect at clinical examination. We report our experience with preoperative ultrasound evaluation of four cases of anal endometriosis. METHODS: Four patients were evaluated by transperineal and high-resolution three-dimensional endoanal ultrasonography. RESULTS: In 3 of 4 women, the lesions involved old episiotomy scars. Anal endometriosis appeared as hypoechoic cystic lesions with areas of microcalcification, not well delimited and highly vascularized. The lesions either involved the anal sphincter (n = 2, one within the rectovaginal septum) or were localized superficially in the ischiorectal space (n = 2). Surgery and pathologic exam confirmed the ultrasonographic findings. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasonographic findings of anal endometriosis are characteristics and may allow accurate preoperative staging of the disease.
Assuntos
Doenças do Ânus/diagnóstico por imagem , Endometriose/diagnóstico por imagem , Endossonografia/métodos , Adulto , Canal Anal , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento Tridimensional , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Organic or functional anal canal stenoses are uncommon conditions that occur in the majority of cases as a consequence of anal diseases. A proper assessment is fundamental for decision making; however, proctological examination and endoanal ultrasound are often unfeasible or very difficult to perform even under local or general anesthesia. We therefore began to use 3D transperineal ultrasound to assess patients. The aim of this study was to compare the results of evacuation proctography and 3D transperineal ultrasound in patients with severe anal canal stenosis. METHODS: Four consecutive patients with high-grade anal canal stenosis were evaluated using both proctography and 3D transperineal ultrasound with a micro-convex transducer between March and June 2011. RESULTS: In all cases, 3D transperineal ultrasound provided detailed information on the length and level of stenosis and on the integrity of the anal sphincters. CONCLUSIONS: Our preliminary experience suggests that 3D transperineal ultrasound makes it possible to plan optimal surgical treatment.
Assuntos
Canal Anal/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças do Ânus/diagnóstico por imagem , Constrição Patológica/diagnóstico por imagem , Endossonografia/métodos , Imageamento Tridimensional/métodos , Adulto , Idoso , Canal Anal/patologia , Humanos , Masculino , PolôniaAssuntos
Carcinossarcoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Carcinossarcoma/cirurgia , Cuidados Paliativos , Neoplasias Retais/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Retais/cirurgia , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Biópsia por Agulha , Progressão da Doença , Endossonografia/métodos , Evolução Fatal , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/diagnóstico , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/etiologia , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Laparotomia/métodos , Masculino , Doenças Raras , Medição de RiscoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare prospectively diltiazem with GTN ointment in the treatment of anal fissure. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Of 43 outpatients with chronic anal fissure, 22 patients were randomized to topical diltiazem (2%) ointment and 21 patients to glyceryltrinitrate (GTN) (0.5%) ointment twice daily for 8 weeks. During the course of treatment each patient was seen three times. Side-effects and healing were recorded. RESULTS: Healing occurred in 19 of 22 patients treated with diltiazem and 18 of 21 patients were cured with GTN (P = 0.95). Those who were treated with nitroglycerin ointment developed headache and dizziness developed after GTN in 33.3% of cases while no patient had any side-effects after diltiazem. CONCLUSIONS: Diltiazem and glyceryltrinitrate (GTN) were equally effective in healing anal fissure but the former resulted in fewer side-effects.