[The morphofunctional prerequisites for the development of exudative otitis media in the children presenting with chronic adenoiditis].

The objective of the present study was to elucidate the structural and functional mechanisms underlying disturbances of the protective nasolaryngeal barrier with special reference to the following histological and immunohistochemical characteristics of the pharyngeal tonsils (CD4, CD20, CD68, IgA, P53, BCL2, Ki67, TGF-beta) in the children aged 3-6 years and presenting with complicated (n=20) or uncomplicated (n=20) chronic adenoiditis (CA). It was shown that adenoids of the patients with complicated chronic adenoiditis less frequently exhibit markers of active inflammation, such as hyperemia, intraepithelial infiltration, and hemosiderophages. Also, they have the smaller mean area of lymphoid follicles and the number of functional intrafollicular macrophages suggesting impaired immunological reactivity. Lymphoid follicles of the pharyngeal tonsils in the children with uncomplicated chronic adenoiditis show up enhanced density of B-lymphocytes (CD20) and CD69-positive cells which may suggest functional tension. However, density of IgA-producing lymphocytes responsible for the protection of nasolaryngeal mucosa is identical in the patients with complicated and uncomplicated chronic adenoiditis. Taken together with the decreased number of T-helpers (CG4), this finding indicates the compromised immunological response in the children with this pathology. It is concluded that the structural characteristics of pharyngeal tonsils revealed in the present study may provide a basis for the disturbances of congenital and adaptive immunity; moreover, they can serve as the predictors of complications of chronic adenoiditis.

[The differential approach to the treatment of exudative otitis media with the use of mucosal immunocorrection].

The objective of the present study was to improve the efficacy of the treatment of the patients suffering from exudtaive otitis media (EOM). A total of 75 patients presenting with EOM were allocated to 2 groups. In one of them (n=36) the patients were treated using conventional therapeutic modalities, in the other one (n=39) with the use of a local immunomodulator (a 0.04% synthetic tetradecapeptide solution). The local application of the immunocorrective agent has demonstrated its normalizing action on the parameters of both local and systemic immunity. It is concluded that the adequate and timely treatment with the use of synthetic tetradecapeptide reduces the probability of relapse and chronization of the pathological process which not infrequently allows the surgical intervention to be avoided.

[Effects of recurrent herpetic infection on functional activity of T-cells in patients with rheumatoid arthritis].

AIM: To evaluate effects of recurrent herpetic infection on functional activity of regulatory cell subpopulations in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We studied in vitro production of marker cytokines of type 1 T-helpers (IL-2), type 2 T-helpers (IL-4), type 3 T-helpers TGFbeta and type 1 T-regulators (IL-10) and counted CD4+CD25+ T-cells in the blood of patients with recurrent herpetic infection and having no clinical manifestations of Herpes virus reactivation. RESULTS: Patients with recurrent herpes had more active production of IL-10, but reduced count of CD4+CD25+ lymphocytes. CONCLUSION: IL-10 hyperproduction observed in recurrent herpetic infection may contribute to progression of rheumatoid arthritis.

[Intensity of the production of rheumatoid factor in patients with different degrees of sensitization to Borrelia garinii antigens].

The content of rheumatoid factor and the levels of IgA, IgM, IgG in patients with different degrees of sensitization to Borrelia garinii antigens were studied. The titer of rheumatoid factor was found to increase in accordance with the growth of the levels of anti-Borrelia antibodies. A rise in the concentration of serum immunoglobulins simultaneously with the development of Borrelia infection was registered. The mechanisms of autoimmunization are discussed, taking into account the known biological properties of the causative agent of Lyme disease.

[Intensity of the production of rheumatoid factor in patients with different degree of sensitization to Borrelia garinii antigens].

The content of rheumatoid factor and serum IgA, IgM and IgG in patients with different degree of sensitization to B. garinii antigens is evaluated. An increase in the titer of rheumatoid factor in patients with a high content of antibodies to Borrelia was established. In addition, an increased concentration of serum immunoglobulins in the presence of Borrelia infection was registered. The mechanisms of autoimmune reactions are discussed, proceeding from the biological properties of the causative agent of Lyme disease.

[Detection of herpesvirus markers in patients with precancerous lesions of the lungs and stomach]. / Rezul'taty vyiavleniia markerov gerpesvirusov u patsientov s predrakovymi zabolevaniiami lëgkikh i zheludka.

Blood-serum concentrations of antibodies to such viruses as herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus and Epstein--Barr virus have been assayed versus frequency of viral DNA detection in blood and saliva suspensions from patients with lung and stomach pre-cancers. Condition of local immunity of oral mucosa was assessed on the basis of saliva levels of secretory IgA and lysozyme. It was found that as local immunity of oral mucosa deteriorated, irrespective of pre-cancer localization, high titers of antiviral antibodies (class G) were established. The frequency of herpes DNA was much higher in lymphocytes and cellular sediment from saliva of patients with gastric pre-cancers. The role of herpes viruses in the pathogenesis of precancerous diseases and malignances is discussed.

[Cellular content of mixed saliva sediment in patients with chronic mucosal inflammation]. / Kletochnyi sostav osadka smeshannoi sliuny u patsientov s khronicheskimi vospalitel'nymi protsessami na slizistykh obolochkakh.

A comparative analysis was made of the saliva sediment cell composition in healthy patients and patients with chronic mucosal inflammation. Migration of leucocytes to the oral cavity was registered in patients with chronic inflammatory processes. A reliable increase in the number of epithelial cells with high degree of destruction was determined in saliva in addition to the appearance of cubic epithelial cells. These results indicate certain violation of epithelial reparation. It is proposed to use a quantitative analysis of saliva sediment for estimating functional conditions of mucosa.

[Autoimmune reactions in patients with various tumor localizations]. / Autoimmunye reaktsii u patsientov so zlokachestvennymi novoobrazovaniiami razlichnykh lokalizatsii.

Autoantibody levels in patients with malignancies of the oral cavity and lung and autoimmune disorders have been assayed. It was found that tumors initiated polymorphous autoimmune reactions to various tissue antigens. Autoantibody production rates in tumor patients were comparable with those in autoimmune disorders. The role of autoimmune reactions in cancer pathogenesis is discussed.

[Intensity of the humoral immune response to herpesviruses as an indicator the body immune deficiency]. / Intensivnost' gumoral'nogo immunnogo otveta k gerpes-virusam kak indikator immunologicheskoi nedostatochnosti organizma.

The state of the local immunity system of the oral cavity was studied by the level of saliva immunoglobulins in patients with different processes on their mucous membranes: herpetic infection, respiratory allergosis and malignant tumors of the mouth cavity and the laryngopharynx. The suppression of the production of sIgA, was accompanied by the enhanced production of antibodies to the most widespread herpesviruses (herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus). The maximum levels of serum IgG to herpesviruses were determined in patients with malignant tumors. The role of herpesviruses in the pathogenesis of immunodeficient states is discussed.

[Blast transformation activity of autologous saliva in patients with different clinical forms of chronic bronchitis]. / Blasttransformiruiushchaia aktivnost' autologichnoi sliuny u bol'nykh s razlichnymi klinicheskimi formami khronicheskogo tonzillita.

The study of mitogenic effect of autologous saliva in respect to peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with different clinical forms of chronic tonsillitis (CT) discovered that saliva from all the examinees was highly active as regards blast-cell transformation. The intensity of lymphocyte blast-transformation in the presence of autologous saliva grows with CT transformation from compensated to decompensated form and insignificantly declines in clinical symptoms of autoimmune disease. The saliva mitogenic effect is probably stimulated by the whole complex of biologically active substances which by provoking hypertrophy of the lymphoid tissue contributes to autoimmunization of the body. It is proposed to use lymphocyte blast-transformation with autologous saliva for diagnosis of subclinical autoimmune diseases.

[Secretory immunity in workers in electrolysis shops of the nickel- and copper-processing plants]. / Sostoianie sekretornogo immuniteta u rabochikh élektroliznykh tsekhov po proizvodstvu nikelia i medi.

Wide-range screening of workers in shops of electrolytic purification of copper and nickel revealed marked disorders in the local immunity of the mouth which manifested themselves most vividly in the workers exposed to the purification-related copper aerosols. The article narrates on the possible mechanisms of industrial hazards' influence on immunity and non-specific resistance.