Front-end simulation of injector for terawatt accumulator.

A terawatt accumulator (TWAC) accelerator/storage ring complex with the laser ion source is in progress at ITEP. The new injector I4 based on the radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) and interdigital H-mode (IH) linear accelerator is under construction. The front end of the new TWAC injector consists of a laser ion source, an extraction system, and a low energy beam transport (LEBT). The KOBRA3-INP was used for the simulation and optimization of the ion source extraction system. The optimization parameter is the maximum brightness of the beam generated by the laser ion source. Also the KOBRA3-INP code was used for LEBT investigation. The LEBT based on electrostatic grid lenses is chosen for injector I4. The results of the extraction system and LEBT investigations for ion beam matching with RFQ are presented.

Ion sources for energy extremes of ion implantation.

For the past four years a joint research and development effort designed to develop steady state, intense ion sources has been in progress with the ultimate goal to develop ion sources and techniques that meet the two energy extreme range needs of meV and hundreads of eV ion implanters. This endeavor has already resulted in record steady state output currents of high charge state of antimony and phosphorus ions: P(2+) [8.6 pmA (particle milliampere)], P(3+) (1.9 pmA), and P(4+) (0.12 pmA) and 16.2, 7.6, 3.3, and 2.2 pmA of Sb(3+)Sb(4+), Sb(5+), and Sb(6+) respectively. For low energy ion implantation, our efforts involve molecular ions and a novel plasmaless/gasless deceleration method. To date, 1 emA (electrical milliampere) of positive decaborane ions was extracted at 10 keV and smaller currents of negative decaborane ions were also extracted. Additionally, boron current fraction of over 70% was extracted from a Bernas-Calutron ion source, which represents a factor of 3.5 improvement over currently employed ion sources.

[Lengthening of the extremities by the G.A. Ilizarov method]. / Udlinenie konechnostei po G.A. Ilizarovu.

In the article are analysed the results of limb segment lengthening after Ilizarov with 101 patient (49 thighs, 29 cruses, 13 feet, 9 arms, 4 forearms) at the age of 2-50 years. The average lengthening values are: crus--3.8 cm., thigh--3.4 cm., foot--2.5 cm., arm--4.7 cm., forearm--2.0 cm. For complete regenerate ossification, in terms of I cm. lengthening, the stable fixation by means of an apparatus is necessary during: crus--29.4 day, thigh--15.5, foot--33.2, arm--17.4, forearm--28.1. Good results have been obtained in 99 cases (95.3%), satisfactory--4 (3.8%), unsatisfactory--1 (0.9%).

[Clinico-radiologic evaluation of deformation of the foot and lower limb in congenital clubfoot]. / Kliniko-rentgenologicheskaia otsenka deformatsii stopy i nizhnei konechnosti pri vrozhdennoi kosolaposti.

In a typical form of congenital club foot there is a complex primary and secondary post-loading deformation both of the feet and of all the bones of the lower extremity which by all means should be taken into consideration when correction with apparatuses of perosseous external fixation is carried out for the complete elimination of the congenital malformation and the prevention of a recurrent deformation.