Lid-parallel conjunctival folds (LIPCOF) and dry eye: a multicentre study.

AIMS: The study was designed to test the clinical application of the grading of lid-parallel conjunctival folds (LIPCOF) as a diagnostic test for dry eye. METHODS: At 12 centres in 11 countries, 272 eyes of 272 dry eye patients (75 men, 197 women) were examined. Their mean age was 52.7±16.2 years. The LIPCOF were graded according to the method of Höh et al. The tear film break-up time (BUT) was measured, and fluorescein staining and the Schirmer 1 test were performed. The subjective symptoms were evaluated by 16 questions. RESULTS: The LIPCOF score demonstrated significant positive correlations with age, dry eye disease severity and fluorescein staining (r>0.2, p<0.001), and negative correlations with BUT and results of the Schirmer 1 test (r<-0.2, p<0.001). The LIPCOF score exhibited a significant correlation with the overall subjective symptoms (r=0.250, p<0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of LIPCOF grading for discriminating between normal and dry eyes were best with the cut-off between LIPCOF degrees 1 and 2. CONCLUSIONS: The displayed medium sensitivity and specificity, and good positive predictive value of the LIPCOF test support the use of LIPCOF grading as a simple, quick and non-invasive dry eye screening tool.

Corneal transplantation in Hungary (1946-2009).

BACKGROUND: To identify changing trends in indications for corneal transplantation in Debrecen, Hungary over the past 64 years. DESIGN: Retrospective study, at the Department of Ophthalmology, University of Debrecen, Hungary. PARTICIPANTS: Four thousand seven hundred and seventy-eight patients who underwent keratoplasty. METHODS: The analysis was based on medical charts, surgical descriptions and eye bank records. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Keratoplasty indications between January 1946 and December 2009. For an easier overview, the 64-year interval was divided into seven time periods (1946-1955, I; 1956-1965, II; 1966-1975, III; 1976-1985, IV; 1986-1995, V; 1996-2005, VI; 2006-2009, VII). RESULTS: Over the 64 years, clinical indications for keratoplasty were corneal scarring (24.9%), regraft (18.6%), keratoconus (18.6%), pseudophakic/aphakic corneal oedema (12%), stromal corneal dystrophies (6%), non-infectious keratitis (4.7%), chemical injuries (3.3%), corneal degenerations (3%), mechanical trauma (1.7%), infectious keratitis (1.4%), endothelial corneal dystrophies (1.3%) and others (4.5%). During periods I-IV, corneal scarring was the most common indication for corneal transplantation. In period V, corneal ectasia became the leading clinical indication. Regraft was the most frequent indication in period VI. In the most recent years, an emerging tendency in pseudophakic/aphakic corneal oedema as the indication for keratoplasty was observed. CONCLUSIONS: In Hungary, the number of grafts has increased greatly in the past 64 years, the transplantation rates are similar to those of industrial countries. Indications for corneal transplantation have changed considerably over the last half decade from corneal scarring to corneal ectasia, regraft and pseudophakic/aphakic corneal oedema.

[Acanthamoeba keratitis]. / Az Acanthamoeba-keratitisrol.

Acanthamoeba infection is a more and more frequently occurring disorder all over the world and in Hungary as well. Beside diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities it may cause serious visual loss. The characteristics of the disease are summarized and presented. It mainly affects people wearing contact lenses with poor hygiene. The subjective signs of the disorder are pain, red eye, tearing and eyelid swelling. In the clinical appearance the ring-shaped ulcer invading the corneal stroma is typical. From differential diagnostic point of view bacterial, fungal, and herpes simplex infection should be excluded. In the diagnosis confocal corneal microscopy and specific laboratory tests are recommended. A wide range of conservative and surgical treatment options are available for treatment. However, early diagnosis and long-lasting adequate therapy are necessary for effective recovery. Prevention is the most important task of contact lens specialists, to inform the patients about adequate hygiene and up-to-date contact lenses and cleaning solutions.