Yeast Cell Wall Compounds on The Formation of Fermentation Products and Fecal Microbiota in Cats: An In Vivo and In Vitro Approach.

The effects of yeast cell wall compounds (YCWs) being added to cat food on hindgut fermentation metabolites and fecal microbiota were assessed in in vivo Experiment 1 (Exp. 1) and in vitro Experiments 2 and 3 (Exp. 2 and 3). In Exp. 1, the cats' diets were supplemented with two dietary concentrations (46.2 and 92.4 ppm) of YCWs (YCW-15 and YCW-30, respectively), and a negative control diet with no compound in three groups (six cats per group) was used to assess the fecal score, pH, digestibility, fermentation products, and microbiota. In Exp. 2, feces from the cats that were not supplemented with YCWs (control) were used as an inoculum. A blend of pectin, amino acids, and cellulose was used as a substrate, and the YCW compound was added at two levels (5 and 10 mg). In Exp. 3, feces from cats fed YCWs were used as an inoculum to test three different substrates (pectin, amino acids, and cellulose). In Exp. 2 and 3, the gas production, pH, and fermentation products (ammonia, SCFAs, and BCFAs) were assessed. YCW-30 resulted in a higher digestibility coefficient of the crude protein, organic matter (OM) (p < 0.05), and energy of the diet (p < 0.10). Regarding the fermentation products, YCW-15 showed a trend toward higher concentrations of propionate, acetate, lactate, ammonia, isobutyrate, and valerate, while YCW-30 showed a trend (p < 0.10) toward higher levels of butyrate and pH values. The bacteroidia class and the genus Prevotella were increased by using YCW-30 and the control. At the gender level, decreased (p < 0.01) Megasphaera was observed with YCW inclusion. The microbiota differed (p < 0.01) among the groups in their Shannon indexes. For beta diversity, YCW-30 showed higher indexes (p = 0.008) than the control. The microbiota metabolic profile differed in the pathway CENTFERM-PWY; it was more expressed in YCW-30 compared to the control. In Exp. 2, the YCWs showed a higher ratio (p = 0.006) of the fermentation products in the treatments with additives with a trend towards a high dose of the additive (10 mg). In Exp. 3, the effects of the substrates (p < 0.001), but not of the YCWs, on the fermentation products were observed, perhaps due to the low dietary concentrations we used. However, the marked responses of the fermentation products to the substrates validated the methodology. We could conclude that the YCWs, even at low dietary concentrations, affected fecal SCFA production, reduced the fecal pH, and modulated the fecal microbiota in the cats. These responses were more pronounced under in vitro conditions.

Spray-dried egg in the diet of dogs: implications for recovery nutritional, palatability and haematology / Ovo spray-dried na dieta de cães: implicações no aproveitamento nutricional, palatabilidade e hematologia

There is a growing demand for alternative protein sources in dog nutrition due to the high cost of the ingredient. Spray-dried egg (SDE) is a potential protein source in this context. The objective of this study was to evaluate the digestibility, palatability, and blood profile of diets containing different amounts of spray-dried egg (SDE) and the blood parameters of dogs fed these diets. For the study of digestibility and faecal quality (Experiment 1), eight Beagles were distributed in a double Latin square design (4X4), with four treatments (0, 4, 8, and 12% SDE) and four periods, totalling eight repetitions per treatment. In experiment 2, to evaluate palatability, 20 dogs were presented with two diets: 0% SDE vs 4% SDE. To evaluate the haematological factors (Experiment 3), eight dogs were maintained in a single group and were initially fed a control diet (0%SDE) for 10 days, followed by a diet containing 12% SDE for 10 days. In Experiment 1, a linear increase was found in the coefficients of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) and in the metabolisable energy (ME) as the level of SDE was increased in the diet. The CTTAD of DM and CP in SDE and the ME obtained by regression analysis were 93.6%, 91.3%, and 5738.9 kcal kg <->1, respectively, demonstrating that SDE is a highly digestible protein source for dogs. There were no changes in the stool characteristics of dogs fed SDE. The results of Experiment 2 indicate that the dogs preferred the diet that included 4% SDE. In the haematological study (Experiment 3), increases in albumin, red blood cells, haemoglobin, and total circulating protein were observed, with no change in the other histological variables. The inclusion of SDE improved the digestibility and palatability of the diet and increased the albumin content, red blood cell count, haemoglobin level, and total protein level without changing the faecal characteristics.(AU)

Há uma demanda crescente de fontes proteicas alternativas na nutrição de cães devido ao alto custo deste ingrediente. O ovo seco por pulverização (SDE) é uma fonte potencial de proteína neste contexto. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a digestibilidade, palatabilidade e perfil sanguíneo de dietas contendo diferentes níveis de ovo spray-dried (OSD) e os parâmetros sanguíneos de cães alimentados com esta dieta. Para o estudo de digestibilidade e características fecais (Experimento 1), oito cães foram distribuídos em delineamento quadrado latino duplo (4x4), com quatro tratamentos (0, 4, 8 e 12% OSD) e quatro períodos, totalizando oito repetições por tratamento. No experimento 2, para avaliar a palatabilidade, 20 animais foram apresentados a duas dietas: 0% OSD vs 4% OSD. Para avaliar os fatores hematológicos (Experimento 3), oito cães foram mantidos em um único grupo e foram inicialmente alimentados com a dieta controle (0% OSD) por 10 dias, seguido pela dieta contendo 12% OSD por 10 dias. No experimento 1, foi observado aumento linear para os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente total (CDAT), da matéria seca (MS), e da proteína bruta (PB) e a energia metabolizável (EM) com o aumento de OSD da dieta. Os CDA da MS e PB em OSD e a EM obtidas pela análise da regressão foram de 93.6%, 91.3% e 5738.9 kcal kg <->1, respectivamente, demonstrando que o OSD é uma fonte proteica de alta digestibilidade para cães. Não houve mudanças nas características fecais de cães alimentados com OSD. Os resultados do experimento 2 indicam que os cães preferiram a dieta com inclusão de 4% de OSD. No estudo hematológico (Experimento 3), aumento de albumina, células vermelhas do sangue, hemoglobina e proteína total circulante foram observados, não houve mudança em outras variáveis histológicas. A inclusão de OSD melhorou a digestibilidade e palatabilidade da dieta e aumentou o teor de albumina, a contagem de células vermelhas, o nível de hemoglobina e o nível de proteína...(AU)

Spray-dried egg in the diet of dogs: implications for recovery nutritional, palatability and haematology / Ovo spray-dried na dieta de cães: implicações no aproveitamento nutricional, palatabilidade e hematologia

There is a growing demand for alternative protein sources in dog nutrition due to the high cost of the ingredient. Spray-dried egg (SDE) is a potential protein source in this context. The objective of this study was to evaluate the digestibility, palatability, and blood profile of diets containing different amounts of spray-dried egg (SDE) and the blood parameters of dogs fed these diets. For the study of digestibility and faecal quality (Experiment 1), eight Beagles were distributed in a double Latin square design (4X4), with four treatments (0, 4, 8, and 12% SDE) and four periods, totalling eight repetitions per treatment. In experiment 2, to evaluate palatability, 20 dogs were presented with two diets: 0% SDE vs 4% SDE. To evaluate the haematological factors (Experiment 3), eight dogs were maintained in a single group and were initially fed a control diet (0%SDE) for 10 days, followed by a diet containing 12% SDE for 10 days. In Experiment 1, a linear increase was found in the coefficients of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) and in the metabolisable energy (ME) as the level of SDE was increased in the diet. The CTTAD of DM and CP in SDE and the ME obtained by regression analysis were 93.6%, 91.3%, and 5738.9 kcal kg

Há uma demanda crescente de fontes proteicas alternativas na nutrição de cães devido ao alto custo deste ingrediente. O ovo seco por pulverização (SDE) é uma fonte potencial de proteína neste contexto. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a digestibilidade, palatabilidade e perfil sanguíneo de dietas contendo diferentes níveis de ovo spray-dried (OSD) e os parâmetros sanguíneos de cães alimentados com esta dieta. Para o estudo de digestibilidade e características fecais (Experimento 1), oito cães foram distribuídos em delineamento quadrado latino duplo (4x4), com quatro tratamentos (0, 4, 8 e 12% OSD) e quatro períodos, totalizando oito repetições por tratamento. No experimento 2, para avaliar a palatabilidade, 20 animais foram apresentados a duas dietas: 0% OSD vs 4% OSD. Para avaliar os fatores hematológicos (Experimento 3), oito cães foram mantidos em um único grupo e foram inicialmente alimentados com a dieta controle (0% OSD) por 10 dias, seguido pela dieta contendo 12% OSD por 10 dias. No experimento 1, foi observado aumento linear para os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente total (CDAT), da matéria seca (MS), e da proteína bruta (PB) e a energia metabolizável (EM) com o aumento de OSD da dieta. Os CDA da MS e PB em OSD e a EM obtidas pela análise da regressão foram de 93.6%, 91.3% e 5738.9 kcal kg