[The regulated effect of the coded amino acids on the basic cellular processes in young and old animals].

The aspects of the regulatory effect of 20 coded amino acids on the basic cellular processes--proliferation and apoptosis--are discussed. This effect is performed due to the regulation by the amino acids of the specific genes at the levels of the transcription and translation. This leads to the triggering of the regulation of any cellular processes. The investigations in organotypic culture of the tissues of the different genesis have demonstrated that the different amino acids perform the cell proliferation or apoptosis. The group of low molecular mass hydrophile amino acids with the charge chains stimulated the cell proliferation in the tissues of mesodermal genesis. The other group of high molecular mass hydrophobe amino acids stimulated the cell proliferation in the tissues of ectodermal genesis. Thus, the coded amino acids are not only the structural elements of the proteins, but can participate in the regulation of the specific genes, controlling the cellular cycle. The number of the active amino acids is decreased in 2.7 times in the explants from the old rats, as compared to the young, reflecting the disturbances in the amino acid transport and gene expression by the aging.

[Effect of amino acids on cell proliferation and apoptosis in organotypic tissue culture of young and old rats].

There was studied in brain cortex, spleen and liver organotypic tissue culture the effect of effective concentrations (0.05 ng/ml) of 20 amino acids on the development of proliferative activity and apoptosis in peripheral fields of explants of rats of various age: 1 month and 18 months old. In the young tissues, the most frequent activity (3 times) was found while using the histidine, asparagine acide, valine, threonine, proline, leucine, tyrosine, methionine, and the less frequent (1 time)--while using lysine, glutamine, cysteine. Almost half number of the amino acids (11) was active in the old tissue cultures, as compared to the young tissues (19). The summary effectiveness of the amino acids was greater in young tissues (42), as compared to the old tissues (11). The data obtained suggest, that the bioregulator peptides should be necessary used to correct the less sensitivity of the tissues to the amino acids in old age.

[Modulating effect of amino acids on cerebella of rats of various age in organotypic tissue culture].

There was studied in cerebella organotypic tissue culture the effect of effective concentrations (0.05 ng/ml) of 20 amino acids on the development of of proliferative activity in peripheral fields of explants of rats of various age: 3 days and 18 months old. The amino acids glycine, asparagine, lysine, arginine, proline, glutamine acid, cysteine, valine and isoleucine acid are active, inducing a more intensive growth zone in explants in 3-day old rats, as compared to control. The inhibitory effect was not observed. In the cerebella explant of old rats there was observed the inhibitory effect of 7 amino acids due to the apoptosis. This effect might be take in account by the synthesis of bioregulator peptides, contained these amino acids.