Production of trichothecene and non-trichothecene mycotoxins by Fusarium species isolated from maize in Minnesota.

Eighty-two cultures of Fusarium species isolated in 1986 from moldy maize in Minnesota were each cultured on rice for 4 weeks and found to produce the following mycotoxins: F. graminearum isolates, deoxynivalenol (DON, 4-225 micrograms/g), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON, 2-4 micrograms/g), 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON, 1-35 micrograms/g) and zearalenone (ZEA, 5-4350 micrograms/g); F. moniliforme, fusarin C (detectable amounts to 1000 micrograms/g); F. moniliforme, F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum and F. subglutinans isolates, moniliformin (15-6775 micrograms/g); F. moniliforme, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans isolates, fusaric acid (detectable amounts). Other mycotoxins screened for in each rice sample and not detected were T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, neosolaniol, T-2 tetraol, nivalenol, fusarenon-X, scirpenols, alpha and beta trans-zearalenols, wortmannin, and fusarochromanone. The rat feeding bioassay indicated that other, unidentified toxins may be present.

Mycotoxin production by Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium sporotrichioides isolated from Baccharis spp. from Brazil.

Fusarium oxysporum isolated from roots of and soil around Baccharis species from Brazil produced the trichothecenes T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol, and 3'-OH T-2 (TC-1), whereas Fusarium sporotrichioides from the same source produced T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, acetyl T-2, neosolaniol, TC-1, 3'-OH HT-2 (TC-3), iso-T-2, T-2 triol, T-2 tetraol, and the nontrichothecenes moniliformin and fusarin C. Several unknown toxins were found but not identified. Not found were macrocyclic trichothecenes, zearalenone, wortmannin, and fusarochromanone (TDP-1).

Mycotoxins and Fusarium spp. associated with infected ears of corn in Minnesota.

Five Fusarium species were isolated from the grain of dent corn (Zea mays) selected from 20 of 32 damaged fields in 10 counties in Minnesota on the basis of hyphal growth visible on kernels in the field. Three mycotoxins were identified in the infected ears: zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, and 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol. This is the first report of the presence of 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol on corn ears in the field prior to harvest and in combination with deoxynivalenol and zearalenone. Ninety-nine cultures were selected from colonies growing from kernels on an agar medium; 30% of the cultures were F. graminearum, 23% were F. subglutinans, 20% were F. moniliforme, 14% were F. oxysporum, and 12% were F. proliferatum.

Zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, and T-2 toxin associated with stalk rot in corn.

The mycotoxins zearalenone (2.8 micrograms/g), deoxynivalenol (1.5 microgram/g), and T-2 toxin (110 ng/g) have been found in the pith of corn stalks standing in the field. Such contaminated stalks may contribute to mycotoxicoses of farm animals.