RESUMO
Vibrio cholerae O:1, serotype Ogawa and biotype El Tor (76.1%) was responsible of the outbreak of cholera in Dakar, Senegal (1995-1996). However, other bacteria were isolated, particularly Vibrio cholerae non O:1/non O:139, Vibrio fluvialis, Vibrio alginolyticus. Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Salmonella sp.p, Shigella sp.p (23.9%). The Vibrio cholerae O:1 strains are multiresistant to sulfonamide, cotrimoxazole and chloramphenicol. 97% were also resistant to O/129 compound. Fluoroquinolone and 3rd generation cephalosporins were the more efficient antibiotics (100%).
Assuntos
Cólera/microbiologia , Vibrio cholerae/isolamento & purificação , Vibrio/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Salmonella/isolamento & purificação , Senegal , Sorotipagem , Shigella/isolamento & purificação , Vibrio cholerae/classificação , Vibrio parahaemolyticus/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Twenty one (21) strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae are isolated from patients hospitalized since 48 hours for neurological affections, and from medical staff hands. Eighteen (18) other strains isolated from other clinics were studied for comparison. The identification used API20 E system (BioMérieux), and the susceptibility to antibiotics was tested by disc diffusion test (antibiogram). Production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase was studied by synergy test method. Arbitrarily primed Polymerase Chain Reaction (AP-PCR) was used to compare the electrophoretic profiles of the strains. Nosocomial strains are more resistant than the other: 57.14% vs 16.67% (p = 0.02) and 28.57% among them are extended-spectrum beta-lactamase positive. Amikacin (87.5%) and Ciprofloxacin (100%) are the most efficient antibiotics, when Cotrimoxazole inhibits 31.25% of the strains. The electrophoretic profiles show an important diversity of strains and suggest an external contamination.
Assuntos
Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Surtos de Doenças , Infecções por Klebsiella/epidemiologia , Klebsiella pneumoniae/isolamento & purificação , Adulto , Infecção Hospitalar/microbiologia , Infecção Hospitalar/transmissão , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Resistência a Múltiplos Medicamentos , Mãos/microbiologia , Humanos , Higiene , Infecções por Klebsiella/microbiologia , Infecções por Klebsiella/transmissão , Klebsiella pneumoniae/efeitos dos fármacos , Recursos Humanos em Hospital , Senegal/epidemiologiaRESUMO
18 souches de Klebsiella pneumoniae ont ete isolees de malades hospitalises au CHU de Fann a Dakar pour affections neurologiques (par hemocultures et ECBU) et a partir de mains de personnels soignants. 18 souches isolees de malades provenant d'autres services ont servi de temoins. Toutes les souches ont ete testees a differents antibiotiques par la methode de diffusion en gelose et une lecture interpretative realisee. Les souches responsables d'infections nosocomiales se sont averees plus resistantes : 57;14 pour cent de phenotype de resistance contre 16;67 pour cent pour les temoins (p=0;02 pour cent). Les phenotypes notes sont : la production de penicillinase a tres haut niveau (28;57 pour cent) et la production de B-lactamase a spectre elargi (28;57 pour cent). L'amikacine (87;5 pour cent) et la Ciprofloxacine (100 pour cent) sont les antibiotiques les plus efficaces; tandis que le cotrimoxazole (31;25 pour cent) reste le moins actif sur les souches. Le profil electrophoretique des ADN bacteriens montre une grande diversite de souches; ce qui fait penser a une contamination par des sources externes
