The Surgical Management of Large Bladder Calculi and Irreducible Uterine Prolapse: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

Bladder calculi are rare in women. We report a case of bladder calculi complicating irreducible uterovaginal prolapse. It provides diagnostic and operative challenges to the management team. A 77-year-old woman presented with irreducible complete uterovaginal prolapse. Bladder stones were appreciated on examination and confirmed with imaging. The patient was managed surgically with transabdominal hysterectomy with bilateral uterosacral colpopexy followed by cystolithotomy. The patient's postoperative course was uncomplicated, and she had an uneventful recovery at her 3-month postoperative visit without a recurrence of prolapse and gained good continence. The presence of bladder calculi should be considered in the setting of irreducible pelvic organ prolapse. The abdominal approach of cystolithotomy with a concomitant hysterectomy and vaginal apical suspension is safe and effective.

Validation of the Thai version of the Female Genital Self-Image Scale (FGSIS).

BACKGROUND: Female genital self-image is associated with sexual health, sexual behavior, and gynecologic health behavior. The Female Genital Self-Image Scale (FGSIS) is a simple, validated instrument that quantifies genital self-image in women. The study aim was to translate the original English FGSIS into Thai and test its psychometric properties among Thai-speaking women. METHODS: A cross-sectional, psychometric study of sexually active women attending a health check-up clinic at a university hospital in Thailand was conducted. On a volunteer basis and convenience sampling, 90 sexually active women were recruited between December 2020 and January 2021. Translation and transcultural adaptation of the English FGSIS into Thai were performed. The validity and reliability of the Thai FGSIS were assessed by examining content validity, face validity, internal consistency, construct validity, and test-retest reliability. The content validity of the Thai FGSIS was evaluated by assessing missing values, and internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha. Scores on the FGSIS and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) were compared to examine convergent validity (using Pearson correlations). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was also conducted. Test-retest reliability was measured by re-administering the Thai FGSIS to the same group of respondents after a 2-week interval. RESULTS: The final Thai FGSIS was developed and assessed by a panel of experts. Data were examined for 86 respondents with average age of 32.5 ± 9.11 years. Content validity assessed using the level of missing data demonstrated no missing items. The overall internal consistency was high (Cronbach's alpha: 0.847). Strong correlations (r = 0.61-0.83) between FSFI and FGSIS total scores (p < 0.01) were demonstrated. In addition, five domains of sexual functioning and the FSFI total score showed high correlations ranging from r = 0.089 to r = 0.383 (p < 0.05), which confirmed convergent validity. CFA identified a two-factor structure for the Thai FGSIS. The test-retest reliability for 38 participants was 0.937 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The Thai FGSIS was found to be a highly valid and reliable instrument with which to measure female genital self-image in Thai-speaking women.

Validation of the Thai version of the Prolapse and Incontinence Knowledge Questionnaire (PIKQ).

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: The Prolapse and Incontinence Knowledge Questionnaire (PIKQ) was developed and validated to assess women's knowledge regarding etiology, diagnosis and treatment of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and urinary incontinence (UI). We aimed to translate and validate a Thai version of the PIKQ to use as a tool to evaluate knowledge of POP and UI among Thai-speaking women. METHODS: The English PIKQ, which comprises the PIKQ-POP and PIKQ-UI sections, was translated into Thai. Psychometric properties of the final version of the Thai PIKQ were tested for content validity, construct validity, internal consistency and test-retest reliability among 168 women attending a gynecology clinic and 150 nurses. RESULTS: Regarding content validity of the final Thai PIKQ, the number of missing items was 0. Participants in the nurse group were more likely than those in the patient group to select the correct answer for all items for the POP scale and UI scale (P < 0.001). For internal consistency testing, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.745 for the PIKQ-POP and 0.754 for the PIKQ-UI scales, suggesting that the items had relatively high internal consistency. The item-total correlation values ranged from 0.204 to 0.539, showing an adequate correlation of each item with the scale overall. The correlation coefficients between the test and retest for PIKQ-POP and PIKQ-UI were 0.685 and 0.735, respectively (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The Thai PIKQ is a simple instrument which shows good validity and high reliability and could be a useful tool for assessing knowledge regarding POP and UI in clinical practice.