[Causes of death in the Sverdlovsk region's population suffered from emergency radiation situations at the Mayak production association].

Mortality rates were found to increase in three districts of the region (Kamensky, Bogdanovichsky, and Kamyshlovsky ones) after radiation accidents. The highest rate was characteristic of the Kamensky District. A substantial rise in mortality rates was recorded in the first decade following radiation accidents and in the 1980s and 1990s. In these study areas, the change in death rate was most evident for causes, such as circulatory diseases, malignancies, and infectious diseases. An increase in the rates of mortality from perinatal abnormalities and congenital defects was observed in children.

[Analysis of the late irradiation effects in the population of the north part of the East-Urals radioactive track].

Death records were used to analyze cancer mortality in the rural areas of the Kamensky District, Sverdlovsk Region, within the East-Urals radioactive track area. A study group showed a significant increase in cancer mortality as compared with a control group (65 of the 691 examinees; 90% confidence interval (CI) 18-144; the mean colonic radiation dose was 80 and 3 mGy in the study and control groups, respectively). The additional relative risk per colonic dose was 1.3 Gy(-1) (90% CI 0.36-2.9 Gy(-1)). The association of the additional relative risk with the age-related and time factors was studied and revealed.

[Analysis of the health status of rural inhabitants in the Sverdlovsk Region, determination of leading factors].

There is an increase in primary and overall mortality in the Sverdlovsk regional areas exposed to eastern-Urals radiation traces. The children mostly commonly have diseases of the endocrine and nervous systems, sensory and respiratory organs. The adults have predominantly neoplasms, diseases of the nervous, digestive, and urogenital systems and sensory organs. In the study period (1990-2000), morbidity considerably increased in the Kamensk Region marked by the highest radioactive contamination. There was an association of the morbidity rates with environmental (Bogdanovichsky District) and socioeconomic (Kamensky and Bogdanovichsky Districts) factors and with level of radioactive contamination (Kamensky and Bogdanovichsky Districts).

[Assessment of human health risk due to environmental pollution in the city of Orsk]. / Otsenka riska, obuslovlennogo zagriazneniem okruzhaiushchei sredy, zdorov'iu zaseleniia v gorode Orske.

The established tense ecological situation in the town of Orsk presents a serious human threat. The use of methods for assessing the risk has allowed the authors to determine the values of carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risks. Due to the influence of all environments polluted by industrial emissions, the total annual carcinogenic risk is 2.31 cases for the adult population of the town and 0.49 for its children. The greatest carcinogenic risk is associated with arsenic in water and foodstuffs, hexavalent chromium, cadmium, and formaldehyde in the air. The high concentrations of dust, phenol, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon oxide cause a major damage to human health. The established specific values of this risk are of relative significance.

[Factors influencing morbidity rates in preschool children in the city of Orsk]. / Faktory, vliiaiushchie na zabolevaemost' doshkol'nikov goroda Orska.

The comparative contribution of environmental factors to morbidity among the preschoolchildren of the town of Orsk was studied by applying currently available methods. Great morbidity is favoured by toxicosis during maternal second-half pregnancy, the poor health status of neonatal babies at birth and by the end of the first year of life, going to the nurseries where vegetable and calorie diets are not observed, the location of kindergartens in the areas with high traffic, high ambient air pollution with sulfuric anhydride and acid, and with substandard drinking water quality. Lower morbidity in children is in turn promoted by greater quantities of vegetables and fruits in the meals both at home and in the nurseries and kindergartens, over 2-month breast feeding, no adverse working conditions in their parents, as well as implementation of conditioning procedures in children.