[The use of silymarin in patients with toxic and viral liver diseases].

Effective use of Silybum marianum medicines is still urgent in hepatology practice. Data about effectiveness and safety of silymarin in patients with acute and chronic toxic injuries including drug-induced ones and patients with acute and chronic viral hepatitis is reviewed in the article. An attempt of trials limitations and disadvantages systematization is made and methods of their solvation are discussed. A possibility of silymarin use as antiviral agent in patients with chronic hepatitis C is also reviewed and perspectives of this drug clinical use in future is discussed.

[Hepatoprotective properties of silymarin].

Different approaches to liver-specific medicines, particularly silymarin, which exist in russian and foreign hepatology leads to formation of some difficulties in their medical usage. There is a necessity to discuss classification and terminology aspects and to study study present evidence about silymarin medicines content, pharmacokinetic and mechanisms of action, clinical efficacy and safety in patients with hepatic disorders. We had performed search in medical databases and analysed articles about silymarin. The results of clinical trials and systematic reviews of silymarin use show high efficacy of the drug in patients with amanitine, drugs, and other toxic injuries of liver, viral hepatitis, NASH. In patients with carcinoma and primarily biliary cirrhosis efficacy of silymarin is ambiguous.

[Diclofenac sodium in osteoarthritis. Is there risk of hepatotoxicity? A systematic review].

Diclofenac sodium is one of the most prescribed NSAIDs in the world which is frequently used in therapy of musculosceletal diseases. Therefore it is important to justify clinical and literary data about diclofenac hepatotoxicity. We searched for diclofenac versus placebo investigations performed in patients with osteoarthrosis. A method of the search included international databases such as EMBASE, Cochrane Database, databases of medical publishers and search engines. Total amount of patients in all trials was 1121. 583 patients took diclofenac and 538 ones took placebo. Meta-analysis was performed in StatsDirect software. We estimated 95% confidence interval, Q and 12 criteria, Mantel-Haenszel and DerSimonian-Laird statistics and relative risk of adverse reactions. Relative risk of hepatitis in diclofenac group did not differ from placebo. Hereby the fact of diclofenac hepatotoxicity needs more detailed study and genetic factors of risk should be taken into account.

[The blood circulation and oxygen tension in the brain of waking and narcotized rabbits during head-down tilt exposure]. / Krovoobrashchenie i napriazhenie kisloroda v golovnom mozgu bodrstvuiushchikh i narkotizirovannykh krolikov pri antiortostaticheskim vozdeistvii.

The hydrogen clearance technique was used in anesthetized and intact rabbits for studying the changes in the local blood flow in the parietal brain cortex. Phasic changes in the blood flow in the parietal, frontal, occipital, temporal lobes of the brain cortex and changes in the volume rate of the blood flow in the basin of the brain venous sinuses, as well as the oxygen saturation in these zones, were studied in anesthetized rabbits by polarographic method during antiorthostatism (45 degrees) for 30 min. The differences in the reaction of the brain vessels to antiorthostatism were particularly obvious within the first minutes.

[Effect of caffeine and sidnofen on the blood supply of the brain, kidneys and hindlimbs during antiorthostatism]. / Vliianie kofeina i sidnofena na krovosnazhenie mozga, pochek i zadnykh konechnosteUi v usloviiakh antiortostaza.

The method of hydrogen clearance was used in experiments on anesthetized cats for studying changes in the blood flow in the brain, kidneys and vena cava caudalis under prolonged antiorthostatism (45 degrees) and medication with caffeine and sidnofen. Specific features of the organ blood flow redistribution under the influence of antiorthostatism and the drugs administered before and after placement of the animals in the antiorthostatic position were established.