[Relations between red cell structure, function and immune homeostasis in prostatic diseases].

Patients with chronic prostatitis alone and in combination with prostatic adenoma have changes in the activity of the complement system, neutrophil function and content of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Abnormal representation of the proteins of the red cell membrane in patients with prostatic diseases affects structural and functional activity of erythrocytes in these patients. Dynamic changes in immune status of patients with chronic prostatitis and prostatic adenoma correlate with changes in functional red cell activity. This fact helps better understanding of pathogenesis of chronic prostatitis and prostatic adenoma.

[Correction of complement system failure in patients with chronic prostatitis].

The aim of the study was detection of local and systemic changes in the complement system in patients with chronic abacterial prostatitis (CAP) and chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP) and to assess a relevant corrective efficacy of the hardware and software complex Andro-Gin (KAP-ELM-01 Andro-Gin). Before treatment, blood plasma of CAP patients contained elevated concentrations of all studied components of the compliment system and factor H but subnormal concentration of C1-inhibitor. Locally, all the compliment indices were high including C1-inhibitor and factor H except component C5. Initial blood plasma compliment fractions in CBP patients were elevated but regulatory proteins concentrations were low. Local compliment components C3, C4, C5 and C5a and factor H were significantly higher. Standard treatment of CAP partially corrected the level of C3, C3a, C4 components, locally normalized concentration of C3 component and corrected C4 component, while in CBP standard treatment normalized concentration of C3 component and reduced C3a, C4, C5 and C5a components, locally normalized the levels of C3, C4 components, corrected concentration of C3a, C5, C5a components, raised regulatory factors. Combination of the standard treatment with Andro-Gin unit compared to standard treatment alone, in CAP corrected plasma concentrations of C3, C3a, C4 compliment components and significantly raised levels of regulatory factors, locally--partially normalized the level of factor H. In CBP additional use of Andro-Gin more significantly improved concentrations of C3a and C5a components , locally--C5a component, raised significantly concentration of regulatory factors C1-inhibitor and factor H. Thus, KAP-ELM-01 Andro-Gin administration in CAP and CBP patients promotes more effective correction of systemic and local disorders in the compliment system, the improvement being more pronounced in CBP.

[Functional activity of peritoneal macrophages in acute destructive pancreatitis: evaluation, implication].

According to the etiology of acute pancreatitis, the authors identified the most common phenotypes of superficial antigens of peritoneal macrophages: CD14(+) CD25(-)CD64(-)HLA-DR(-) in acute biliary pancreatitis, CD14(+) CD25(+)CD64(+)HLA-DR(+) in nonbiliary pancreatitis; moreover, all the patients were found to have increased expression of early (CD25+) and late (HLA-DR+) markers of cell activation. A comparative study was conducted and the most informative tools to evaluate the adhesive, cytokine-producing, phagocytic, and oxygen-dependent activities of peritoneal macrophages were recognized.

[Structural and functional characteristics of erythrocytes, endothelial dysfunction and lipid peroxidation in patients with prostatic adenoma and comorbid chronic prostatitis].

Patients with prostatic adenoma combined with chronic prostatitis were found to have abnormal content of proteins in peripheral blood erythrocytic membrane, erythrocytic sorption, concentration of nitric oxide stable metabolites, endotheline-1 and lipid peroxidation products in blood plasma before and after transurethral resection of the prostate. Different dosage forms of the drug longidase were tested for efficacy in correction of impairment of structural and functional properties of erythrocytes, endothelial dysfunction and lipid peroxidation in the above patients.

[Correction of immunometabolic disorders in chronic bacterial prostatitis].

Patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis were found to have disorders in blood parameters of complement system activity, neutrophil function and metabolic status. The above disorders are resistant to adequate correction with standard treatment but can be successfully managed with combined use ofimmunomodulators (ferrovir, galavit), antioxidants (mexidol, olifen) and membranoprotectors (phosphogliv, essentiale). Thus, immunometabolic status in chronic prostatitis can be corrected with the above combined treatment.

[Correction of local immunometabolic disturbances combined with chronic prostatitis in prostatic adenoma].

We compared local immunometabolic effects of two dosage forms of longidase in patients with prostatic adenoma (PA) in combination with chronic prostatitis (CP) in the postoperative period. Transurethral resection (TUR) of the prostate was conducted in 81 patients aged 50-70 years suffering from PA and CP. All the patients after TUR were divided into three groups by postoperative treatment: group 1 (n = 25) received standard pharmacotherapy, group 2 (n = 28)--standard pharmacotherapy and longidase injections, group 3--standard pharmacotherapy plus longidase suppository. Immunological parameters were studied in biological material (urine) obtained before operation, after it and after treatment course. By changes in immunometabolic status (concentrations of cytokines TNFalpha, IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-18, receptor antagonist IL-1 Ra, complement components C3-, C3a-, C4-, C5-, C5a, regulators of the complement system factor H, C1-inhibitor) and sIgA, content of acylhydroperoxides, malonic dialdehyde, stable metabolites of hitric oxide, catalase and superoxiddismutase activity it is shown that PA patients with CP have pretreatment disturbances of local immunity and oxidant status (high levels of proinflammatory cytokines, subnormal IL-10, activated complement system, lipid peroxidation, low sIgA, NO-synthetic activity of capillary endothelial activity). TUR aggravates shifts of local immunometabolic status. Standard postoperative pharmacotherapy does not correct the disturbances adequately. The addition of longidase to standard postoperative treatment was effective in correction of immune and oxidant status. Thus, longidase injections and, especially, suppositories correct disturbances of local immunity and oxidant status in patients with PA and CP in postoperative period.

[The efficacy of oxynicotinic acid a nd its derivatives in respect of functional activity of hepatocytes during acute toxic hepatopathy].

Hepatoprotective activity of oxynicotinic acid and its derivatives XC-2, XC-2, XC-4, XC-9 in destructive processes in the liver induced by CCl4 injection has been studied. It was found in that injection of oxynicotinic acid derivatives in toxic lesion of the liver decreases cytolysis, cholestasis, hepatodepressive and mesenchymal-inflammatory syndromes. Membrane-stabilizing and antioxidant effects of oxynicotinic acid derivatives increase in the following sequence: XC-1 --> XC-2, XC-3 --> XC-4, mexidol --> XC-9.

[Endothelial dysfunction mediators in patients with chronic cor pulmonale].

Forty-nine sourses of Russian and foreign literature dedicated to the role of endothelial dysfunction in the development of pulmonary hypertension and chronic cor pulmonale were analyzed. Data on endothelium-dependent vasoactive mediators are presented in the article.

[Pharmacological correction of immuno-metabolic disorders with the peptide Gly-His-Lys in hepatic damage induced by tetrachloromethane]. / Farmakologicheskaia korrektsiia peptidom Gly-His-Lys immunometabolicheskikh narushenii v usloviiakh porazheniia pecheni tetrakhlormetanom.

10-day intraperitoneal administration of the tripeptie Gly-His-Lys in doses 2.5 and 150 mu/kg raises of mitotic index of hepatocytes in acute toxic damage to the liver. In the dose 1.5 mu/kg this peptie corrects both functional activity of hepatocytes and immunological responsiveness. In a dose of 150 mu/kg the peptie has a more potent immunosuppressive action and deteriorates biochemical indices of blood serum as well as dystrophic changes in the liver.

[The effect of the synthetic analogue of gonadoliberin on immune response and factors of nonspecific resistance in rats and mice]. / Vliianie sinteticheskogo analoga gonadoliberina na immunnyi otvet i faktory nespetsificheskoi rezistentnosti u krys i myshei.

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone's synthetic analogue (surfagon) injected intraperitoneally exerted a dose-dependent influence on humoral immune response values in rats and on phagocytic and functional activity of neutrophiles in mice. Castration induced a reliable decrease of the immune response and character. It may be concluded that the surfagon effect is not mediated by steroids.

[Effect of prostamol-Uno on oxidative and local immune status in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and chronic prostatitis]. / Vliianie prostamola-uno na okislitel'nyi i mestnyi immunnyi status u bol'nykh s dobrokachestvennoi giperplaziei prostaty i khronicheskim prostatitom.

Our investigations demonstrate high antioxidant and immunomodulating activity of prostamol-uno in benign prostatic hyperplasia and chronic prostatitis. This gives grounds for using this drug not only in benign prostatic hyperplasia but also in chronic prostatitis.

[Magnetic laser correction of secondary immunodeficiency in acute pancreatitis and burn trauma]. / Korrektsiia magnitno-lazernym oblucheniem vtorichnogo immunodefitsitnogo sostoianiia pri ostrom pankreatite i ozhogovoi travme.

The study was undertaken to examine the impact of magnetic laser radiation (MLR) on the humoral immune response evoked to sheep red blood cells in experimental acute pancreatitis (AP) and thermal burn (TB) in Wistar rats. MLR in animals with AP and TB was found to correct the development of secondary immunodeficiency. Extracorporeal MLR--intravenous injection of allogenic red blood cells irradiated in vitro or a fraction of splenocytes enriched in macrophages--was found to be most effective, MLR presents the appearance of serum immunosuppressive formulations and splenocytic supernatant in rats with AP and TB. The findings suggest that MLR is effective in correcting secondary immunodeficiency.

[Immobilized proteases and their activators as immunocorrective agents]. / Nekotorye immobilizovanye proteazy i ikh aktivatory kak immunokorrigiruiushchie sredstva.

The influence of immobilized proteases such as catalytin (a complex preparation containing the protease terrilytin and the antiseptic catapol) and streptodecase (an activator of fibrinolysis proteases) on the humoral immune response induced by the thymus-dependent antigen (SRBC) under conditions of burns and Staphylococcus infected burns was studied. The immobilized proteases catalytin and streptodecase had an immunostimulating effect under conditions of extended burns. Catalytin had an immunocorrigating effect under conditions of the infected burns. It was suggested that the complex enzyme-containing preparation catalytin and the immobilized activator of fibrinolysis proteases streptodecase were promising immunopharmacological agents in combined treatment of pathological processes accompanied by the development of immune deficiency as a secondary condition.

[Interrelationship between splenocyte immunomodulating factors in animals undergoing combined exposure to ethanol and tetrachloromethane]. / Vzaimosviaz' immunomoduliruiushchikh faktorov splenotsitov u zhivotnykh, podvergnutykh sochetannomi vozdeistviiu étanola i tetrakhlormetana.

On concomitant exposure to ethanol and tetrachloromethane, the nature and direction of a humoral immune response depend on the accumulation of immunosuppressive and immunostimulating factors of splenocytes. The accumulation of either factors is most likely to be in turn regulated by negative feedback systems, which should be borne in mind in applying immunocorrective therapy.

[The effect of tetrachloromethane and ethanol on the release by rat splenocytes of immunomodulating factors]. / Vliianie tetrakhlormetana i étanola na vydelenie splenotsitami krys immunomoduliruiushchikh faktorov.

In combined introduction tetrachloromethane (TCM) and ethanol the spleen cells secrete both immunostimulating agent with a molecular mass (MM) of 10 - 25 kD and immunosuppressing agents with MM > 100 kD. Sticking and nonsticking to the glass splenocytes of the animal affected by TCM and ethanol, excrete, respectively, the immunostimulating or immunosuppressing agents to the supernatant liquid of the splenocytes.

[Role of monokines in the development of the immune response during physical exertion and administration of essentiale]. / Rol' monokinov v razvitii immunnogo otveta pri fizicheskoi nagruzke i vvedenii éssentsiale.

Exercises and essential administration lead to the emergence of differently dense red blood cells that have opposite immunomodulating properties. Such red blood cells induce or stimulate the release of immunomodulating factors by various splenic macrophageal populations. Cell interaction largely determine the magnitude of the body's responses to T-dependent antigens during strenuous exercise and essential administration.

[Effect of humoral factors of the spleen of rats with acute and chronic toxic liver involvement on the physiologic and reparative regeneration of hepatocytes]. / Vliianie gumoral'nykh faktorov selezenki krys s ostrym i khronicheskim toksicheskim porazheniem pecheni na fiziologicheskuiu i reparativnuiu regeneratsiiu gepatotsitov.

It was demonstrated in experiments on Wistar rats with carbon tetrachloride induced acute and chronic affection of the liver that the supernatant of the splenic cells of the poisoned animals contains 2 undialyzable factors with a molecular mass of more than 150 and 10-12 kDa. The splenocytic substances stimulate hepatocyte proliferation both in healthy allogeneic recipients and under conditions of increased proliferative activity of hepatocytes in experimental pathology of the liver.

[Effect of free and immobilized terrilytin on the proliferative activity of normal hepatocytes and under physical loading and exposure to vibration]. / Vliianie svobodnogo i immobilizovannogo terrilitina na proliferativnuiu aktivnost' gepatotsitov v norme, pri fizicheskoi nagruzke i vibratsionnom vozdeistvii.

Administration of free and to a greater extent immobilized terrilytin to intact animals significantly enhanced the proliferative activity of hepatocytes and cells of the eye cornea under normal conditions, during physical loading and vibration. At administration of preparations of proteases splenocytes release two protein functionally different substances--a low molecular one exerting the immunostimulating effect and a relatively high molecular one enhancing the proliferative activity of nonimmunocompetent cells (hepatocytes and epitheliocytes of the cornea). The results of the studies indicate the presence of a close relationship between the immunological and nonimmunological effects caused by proteolytic enzymes.